波谱数据表、经验公式与波谱基本理论的融合教学

Integration of data tables, empirical formulas and basic theories in spectrum teaching

波谱学是化学、药学领域应用性极强的一门学科,而体现化合物波谱特性、规律的波谱数据表及经验公式是化合物结构解析的基础。目前高校的波谱学教材及教学,只侧重波谱学基本原理,完全忽略或只是支离碎片式地涉及少量的数据表和经验公式,导致学生在解谱实践中没有系统性的演算、推导和预测能力,其后续积累的经验也无法融入进完备的波谱数据表及经验公式系统,严重影响其解谱能力的提升。该项研究在对波谱学基本理论(以在四大光谱中占核心地位的核磁碳谱、氢谱为教学示范内容)进行浓缩型教学的前提基础上,将波谱学基本理论与波谱数据表、经验公式进行融合教学,用波谱学基本原理对数据表中的经验值范围、增量规律进行归纳、总结,并解析其中规律产生的原因,让学生理解性地学习和记忆各类化合物基团的经验值、增量范围和经验公式。

Spectroscopy is an applied subject that was widely used in chemistry and pharmacy. The data tables and the empirical formulas, which embody spectrum characteristics or laws of compounds, are the basic methods for structure elucidation. In the current spectrum textbooks or spectrum teaching in many colleges and universities, only the basic spectrum theories were emphasized, however, little of data tables and empirical formulas were involved or even they were almost omitted, which leads to the fact that students lack of the systematic ability of calculus, derivation and prediction in spectrum application, their accumulative experiences in future works can not be involved in the knowledge system of data tables and empirical formulas, and these seriously affect the development of their structural analysis abilities. In this study, the basic spectrum theories （carbon-13 and hydrogen NMR spectrums, the key part of the four kinds of spectrum analysis, were used as demonstration teaching contents） were concentrated, data tables, empirical formulas and basic theories were integrated in spectrum teaching, range of experience values and laws of increment in the data table were inducted and summarized using spectrum theories, and further the reasons which the laws result from were also discussed, by which students can understanding-based learn and memorize the experience values of groups in compounds, the range of increments and the empirical formulas.