京郊保护地番茄氮磷钾肥料效应及其吸收分配规律研究

Study on the effect, absorption and distribution of NPK on tomato in greenhouse of Beijing suburbs

在保护地条件下 ,研究了不同肥力条件下番茄施用氮磷钾肥料的增产效果及其养分吸收分配规律。结果表明 ,在施农家肥 36t/hm2 基础上 ,施N 187 5kg ,可获得最高产量 ,但随施氮量增加 ,产量下降 ;土壤有效P含量超过 10 0mg/kg ,磷肥基本无效 ,且随施磷量增加 ,产量有降低趋势 ;土壤有效K含量达 2 16mg/kg时 ,施钾肥仍可增产 8 2 %。保护地番茄干物质累积主要在盛果期 ,根、叶、茎、果的平均干重 ,分别占总干物重的 2 11%、2 3 6%、2 8 2 4 %、4 5 98%。番茄植株中N、P、K养分含量特点是 ,茎和果实中K的含量超过了N、P含量 ,也超过了根和叶中K含量 ;而叶中N含量高于根、茎和果实。保护地番茄采用露地栽培技术 ,留 3穗果后打顶 ,产量水平在 67388～ 80 960kg/hm2 时 ,N的吸收量为 177～ 2 38kg/hm2 、P2 O5的吸收量为 79～ 97kg/hm2 、K2 O吸收量为 2 12～ 30 9kg/hm2 ,氮磷钾的比例为 :1∶0 4 1～ 0 4 5∶1 2 1～ 1 30 。

The effect, absorption and distribution of NPK on tomato in the greenhouse with different soil fertilities were conducted in Tongzhou, Daxing, and pinggu of Beijing. The results showed that the highest yield could be gained as N 187 5kg/hm 2 supplied on the base of manure 36t/hm 2, and yield reduced with N fertilizer increased. Phosphate fertilizer was no effect when the available P content in the soil was beyond 100mg/kg, and it was trend that tomato yield decreased with increase phosphate fertilizer in that case. Tomato yield increased by 8 2% as the rate of potash increased, even the content of available K in soil was 216mg/kg. The accumulation of dry matter of tomato was mainly in the period of rich fruits, and the average dry weights of roots, leaves, stems were 2 11%, 23 6%, 28 4%, 45 98% of total dray matter, respectively. The distribution of K in stems and fruits of tomato was excess of N and P, and N distribution in leaves was excess of in roots, stems and fruits. When the tomato yielded 67388～80960kg/hm 2, which topping after retained three branched fruit, the uptake rates of nutrients were N 177～238, P 2O 5 79～97 and K 2O 212～309kg/hm 2, and the N∶P 2O 5∶ K 2O ratio was 1∶0 41～0 45∶1 21～1 30. This result was similar compared with that of tomato in the open field.