北京某高校学生颈椎亚健康现状及危险因素分析

Status of cervical sub-health and its risk factors among college students

目的了解大学生颈椎亚健康现状及其危险因素,为有针对性开展校园健康促进活动提供依据。方法采用自编问卷,对整群抽取的北京市某综合大学2 026名大一学生和按5%比例抽取的200名一年级研究生颈椎健康状况及生活方式进行问卷调查。结果大一和研一学生颈椎亚健康的发生率分别为45.5%和62.0%,大一文科生和研一男生颈椎亚健康发生率分别高于大一理科生和研一女生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);"睡眠质量差、持续操作计算机时间长、不了解和未实施缓解颈部疲劳方法、坐姿不良和每日操作计算机时间长"及"坐姿不良、每周锻炼时间少和睡眠质量差"分别是大一和研一学生颈椎亚健康发生的主要危险因素(P值均<0.05)。结论应倡导大学生纠正不良坐姿,养成科学的生活方式并掌握颈椎保健的方法,改善颈椎亚健康现状。

Objective To survey the college students’ cervical sub-healthy condition and its risk factors to provide the basis for campus health promotion activities.Methods A self-prepared cervical sub-health questionnaire was adopted to survey 2 026 grade-one college students and 200 grade-one graduate students of a comprehensive university.Results The existence of cervical sub-healthy in graduate students was higher significantly than that of the grade-one graduate students（P＆lt;0.05）.There was significant difference on the incidence of cervical sub-healthy between Science college students and Liberal arts college students,as well as the male and the female graduate students（P＆lt;0.05）.The risk factors of cervical sub-healthy for grade-one college students and grade-one graduate students were ＂incorrect sitting posture,poor quality of sleep,have no idea or take no measures to relieve neck fatigue and keeping using computer＂ and ＂poor sitting posture,poor quality of sleep and lack of physical exercise per week＂ respectively.Conclusion There are higher incidence of cervical sub-healthy on the Liberal arts college students and male graduate students.To advocate students correcting bad sitting posture,develop a healthy lifestyle and master the methods of cervical vertebra health-care will be helpful to reverse the status of college students’ cervical sub-health.