碳酸氢铵撒干粉与集中点投放加地膜覆盖杀灭钉螺效果观察

The Molluscicidal Effect of Ammonium Bicarbonate Powdery Spilling Methodand Centralized Sprinkling Method,Both with Black Plastic Mulching

目的观察碳酸氢铵撒干粉加黑色地膜覆盖与碳酸氢铵集中点投放加黑色地膜覆盖的灭螺效果。方法碳酸氢铵撒干粉加黑色地膜覆盖与碳酸氢铵集中点投放加黑色地膜覆盖均分设100 g/m2、200 g/m2、300 g/m2、400 g/m2、500 g/m2剂量组和不覆盖、不加碳酸氢铵空白对照组。试验前进行螺情基线调查,试验后10、20、30、60、90和180 d观察钉螺死亡情况,方法同基线调查,计算活螺平均密度和死亡率。结果碳酸氢铵撒干粉加黑色地膜覆盖与碳酸氢铵集中点投放加黑色地膜覆盖2种方法各剂量组在试验后钉螺死亡率均大于试验前,活螺密度均比试验前有下降,而空白对照组试前试后钉螺死亡率、活螺密度无差异,碳酸氢铵撒干粉加黑色地膜覆盖300 g/m2以上各剂量组在10 d后钉螺死亡100%,活螺密度下降100%;而碳酸氢铵集中点投放加黑色地膜覆盖各剂量组到180 d时,钉螺均未全部死亡。结论碳酸氢铵撒干粉加黑色地膜覆盖消灭钉螺效果明显,以300 g/m2及以上剂量覆盖10 d为最佳,既能做到不除草省药、省时省工,又能达到满意的灭螺效果,宜大面积推广应用;碳酸氢铵集中点投放加黑色地膜覆盖效果较差,不宜大面积应用。

Objective The study was conducted to observe the molluscicidal effect of ammonium bicarbonate powdery spilling and centralized sprinkling,both covered with black plastic mulch with different dosage.Methods Two experimental groups both with 5 different dosages（100 g/m2,200 g/m2,300 g/m2,400 g/m2 and 500 g/m2） of ammonium bicarbonate set,and blank control group was set as well.Baseline survey was conducted before the experiment,and the molluscicidal effect was observed after certain days（10,20,30,60,90 and 180 days,respectively）.Results Both the mortality and density of snails for both methods were decreased compared with that of base line.The two indexes in control group did not change significantly before and after the experiment.Both two indexes in powdery spilling groups with dosage of above 300 g/m2 reached 100% after 10 days;meanwhile,indexes in centralized sprinkling group did not reach 100% after 180 days.Conclusion The molluscicidal effect of ammonium bicarbonate powdery spilling with black plastic mulching is remarkable,with the best usage of 300 g/m2 in 10 days;meanwhile,centralized sprinkling with black plastic mulching is less preferable.