乌蒙山区黑山羊越冬情况分析

Situation of the black goat in winter in Wumeng Mountain Area

发展草地畜牧业一直是贵州发展经济和改善生态环境的重要措施,本研究通过实地调查和试验的方法对贵州省赫章县黑山羊的越冬问题进行调查。结果表明,赫章县黑山羊的越冬死亡率高,总体死亡率为14.9%,其中羊羔死亡率最高达31.0%,体况较好的育肥羊最低(3.8%)。越冬期间,黑山羊体质量平均减轻11.4%,1月减少最多,流产率达到28.6%。试验结果显示,布鲁氏杆菌、弓形虫、衣原体抗体阳性率均为0,说明赫章县黑山羊的流产并不是由布鲁氏杆菌、衣原体、弓形虫等疫病引起的。因此,可通过加强圈舍建设、提高家畜营养水平、强化饲养管理等措施来减少越冬死亡率,降低流产率,避免冬季的无效饲养,从而解决贵州省赫章县黑山羊养殖的越冬问题,不断提高草地畜牧业生产效益。

Grassland and animal industry plays an important role in economic development and improvement of ecological environment in Guizhou Province. In order to improve the productive efficiency of breeding black goat in Guizhou Province, a farm surveys and lab examination to analyze black goat overwintering were conducted in Hezhang County. The results showed that there were 19.3% mortality of black goats in winter. The mortality of goat lamb was 31.0~ which was the highest, while finishing goats were as low as 3.8 %. Mean body weight loss of black goat was significantly 11.4 % in winter and it was the highest in January. The abortion of pregnant black goat was 28.6%. The experimental results showed that the posi- tive rates of Toxoplasma gondii, Chlamydia and brucella in the pregnant black goats were 0. It showed that the abortion of pregnant black goat in Hezhang County was not caused by Brucella, Chlamydia, and Toxoplasma gondii. The improvement of shed facilities, ration nutrition and herd organization could reduce winter mortality, lower abortion rate, and avoid body weight loss of black goat in winter. The black goat overwintering problem could be solved in Hezhang County and the productive efficiency of grassland and animal industry could be improved.