改装超精密磨床的超精密车削试验研究

Experimental Reaserch on Re-equiping Ultra-precision Grinding Machine to Do Ultra-precision Turning

对自主研制的T形结构超精密磨床进行改装,在超精密磨床的转台上安装单点金刚石圆弧车刀,进行了超精密车削试验研究。对超精密磨床和车床的结构、精度、刚度进行了分析和比较,确定在超精密磨床的基础上可以进行超精密车床的改造;通过调整静压导轨和刀具静压回转台的供油压力实现超精密车削刀具与工件回转中心高度的精确调整,可有效地实现工件回转中心区域的加工;利用刀具回转台的精密摆动实现刀具切削过程中切削刃位置的微调,为超精密车削提供可能。采用上述方法进行铝合金和无氧铜工件端面不同速度和不同进给量下的超精密车削试验,获得了表面粗糙度为10.8nm的超精密平面。

Re--equiping a T--shaped structure ultra--precision grinding machine independently developed, a single--point diamond circular turning tool was fixed on turntable of the ultra--precision grinding machine. The structure, precision, stiffness of ultra--precision grinding machines and lathes were analyzed and compared to ensure the feasibility of the re--equiped ultra--precision grinding ma chine. Through micro--adjusting the oil pressure of hydrostatic guideway and tool hydrostatic rotary table the redressal of ultra--precision turning tool and the workpiece rotation center height were achieved. The removement problem of workpiece rotation center area was solved. Using the precision swing of the tool rotary table, fine--tuning of the cutting edge position was completed during the cut ting process,so as to make sure the feasibility of ultra--precision turning. Using aluminum alloy and oxygen--free copper as workpiece to do turning test at different speeds and feed rates, the surface roughness is as 10.8nm, reaching the level of ultra--precision turning.