海河平原冬小麦超高产栽培技术研究进展

Advances in Production Techniques of Super High Yield Winter Wheat in Haihe Plain

海河平原是我国重要的小麦产区。2004年以来,在该区域进行小麦超高产(9 000kg/hm2)典型创建的基础上,对超高产冬小麦的生育特性和栽培技术参数进行测定,并设置田间析因试验进行研究。明确了超高产小麦的品种类型和产量结构、群体性状及其共性特征、个体形态和生理性状特点以及超高产冬小麦对氮、磷、钾、硫、锰、锌、铜、硼等无机营养元素的吸收、积累和分配特点。明确了实现小麦玉米两茬均衡超高产的适宜接茬方式及实现冬小麦超高产的播种期、密度、种植形式和水肥运筹技术,对实现冬小麦超高产的综合栽培生态条件进行了探讨,建立了海河平原冬小麦节水超高产栽培技术体系。技术体系体现在河北省的小麦生产技术规程及农民技术培训内容中,作为小麦生产的技术支撑,在小麦生产中发挥了重要作用。

Haihe plain is an important wheat production area of China. Since 2004,on the basis of creating typical super high yield （9000kg/hm2） of winter wheat, the parameters of growth and development and production tech- niques of super high yield winter wheat was determined through a few field experiments. According to the results of these studies, the variety types and yield components, the population parameters and common characters, and the morphological and physiological characters of individual plants of super high yield winter wheat were clarified. The characteristics of the absorption, accumulation and distribution of mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, po- tassium, sulfur, manganese, zinc, copper and boron by super high yield winter wheat were also made clear. The feasi- ble double cropping model aiming at super high yield winter wheat/summer maize system was determined. The tech- niques such as sowing date, planting density, spacing pattern,irrigation and fertilization, and the comprehensive ag- ro-ecological conditions to realize super high yield winter wheat were also clarified. The technology for super high yield winter wheat under water-saving conditions in Haihe Plain was created. The technology has been applied in the technical specification of wheat production of Hebei Province and used as the contents of training programs to farm- ers which plays an important role of technical support in wheat production.