一种“用例+控例”驱动的软件分析与设计方法

“Use Case+Control Case” Driven Approach for Software Analysis and Design

随着软件本身及其运行环境的日益复杂,软件可信性引起人们越来越多的关注.软件的分析与设计也越来越需要综合考虑软件的功能性和可信性.然而,如何在软件的分析与设计过程中综合考虑软件的功能性和可信性,目前仍然缺乏系统而有效的方法.基于控制论,提出了一种基于"用例+控例"的方法,以在软件的分析与设计过程中综合考虑软件的功能性和可信性.在需求分析阶段,"用例+控例"模型支持需求工程师在同一个模型中自然地表达软件系统的功能性需求和可信性需求.在系统设计阶段,扩展了ICONIX开发方法的用例驱动的系统设计技术,用以分别识别实现用例的功能对象和实现控例的可信保障对象,以最终构建出既满足功能性需求又满足可信性需求的对象模型.应用一个实例来说明所提出方法的可行性.

As software systems and their operational environments become more and more complex, the topic of software dependability has attracted more and more attention. The software analysis and design are both required to focus on the functionality and the dependability. However, there still lacks an effective approach to consider the functionality and the dependability simultaneously during software analysis and design. Based on cybernetics, this paper proposes a ＂use case＋control case＂ driven approach for software analysis and design, which aims to address the software functionality and dependability under a unified framework. During requirements analysis, the ＂＇use case＋control case＂ model supports the co-modeling of the functional requirements and the dependability requirements. During system design, the design techniques proposed by ICONIX approach are extended to identify the functionality objects that realize the use cases, and the dependability objects that realize the control cases. A case is also used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.