菌肥微生物在不同pH茶园土壤中存活模式的研究

A Study of Bacterial Microorganisms Survival Patterns in Tea Plantation Soils with Different pH Value

为了明确微生物肥料施入不同pH土壤对土壤肥力的贡献,以灭菌土接种菌肥微生物,经培养采用平板菌落计数法,探究菌肥移居微生物在土壤中存活性、变化规律及对土壤养分的贡献。结果表明:菌肥微生物在接入灭菌土壤前2周呈快速上升趋势,随后进入一个较长的稳定期;中性土壤各类菌肥微生物丰度为:氨化细菌为最多,达108cfu/g干土;固N微生物、芽孢细菌、放线菌数量均达到107cfu/g干土以上,而霉菌最多只达到105cfu/g干土左右;在pH≈4.5酸性土壤,各类细菌、放线菌数量比中性土壤少2个数量级,但霉菌最大丰度可达107cfu/g干土;酵母菌数量只有霉菌的1/10左右。菌肥各类微生物的迅速生长和繁殖,通过其分解作用、固氮作用、解P、解K作用等对土壤主要营养元素及活性增加有一定的贡献。

In order to clarify the microbial fertilizer＇s contribution to soil fertility after being applied to soils with different pH values,the author studied bacterial microorganisms inoculated and cultured in sterilized soil and explored their survivability,law of change and contribution to the soil nutrient through plate colony counting method.The results showed that：the number of bacterial microorganisms rose rapidly in the first two weeks after inoculated into sterilized soil,and then entered into a relatively long period of stability.In neutral soil the abundance of various types of bacterial microorganisms were different.Ammonification bacteria were up to 108 cfu/g dry soil.Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms,bacillus bacteria,actinomycetes also reached 10^7 cfu/g dry soil,while mildew was at most about 105 cfu/g dry soil.When changed to acid soil with pH value around 4.5,the number of bacteria and actinomycetes reduced to only 1% of that in neutral soil.Maximum abundance of mildew could reach up to 10^7 cfu/g dry soil,while yeast quantity was only 1/10 of that of mildew.The rapid growth and reproduction of bacterial microorganisms could contribute to the increase of major nutrients and activity in the soils through its decomposition,nitrogen fixation and the solution of potassium and phosphorus.