环塔里木盆地核桃灌溉现状调查研究

Investigation of Walnut Trees Irrigation Status in Tarim Basin

为了给新疆特色林果高效用水研究提供必要的现实依据,以新疆主要特色林果之一的核桃为研究对象,分别在新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、和田地区、喀什地区、阿克苏地区,以农户为单位进行核桃灌溉现状调查。结果表明:(1)调查区域核桃种植总面积2.72×105hm2,占全疆核桃总种植面积的97.20%;(2)核桃栽培模式大致可分为栽植单作种植模式和栽植间作种植模式2大类;(3)核桃的灌溉仍然以漫灌和畦灌为主,低压管道灌、涌泉灌和滴灌技术在逐渐发展;(4)核桃在地面灌条件下,灌水定额1200～3000m3/hm2,灌水5～8次,微灌条件下灌水定额150～600m3/hm2左右,灌水13～30次;(5)核桃树在不同灌溉方式下单方水的产量为0.05～0.54kg/m3,通过科学管理,在不同灌溉方式下核桃均能高产。

In order to provide the necessary realistic basis for research of special forest fruits efficient water use,walnut was chosen as research object in this investigation.Walnut trees irrigation status investigation was carried on a household basis in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture,Hetian Region,Kassgar Region and Aksu Region.The results showed that：（1）total planting area of walnut trees in investigation region was 2.72×105 hm^2,which was 97.20% of that in Xinjiang;（2）there were two cultivation patterns of walnut trees：planting under monoculture condition and planting under intercropping condition;（3）flooding and border irrigation were main irrigation methods of walnut trees,pipe irrigation with low pressure,bubble Irrigation and drip irrigation were developed gradually;（4）under surface irrigation condition irrigation requirement of walnut trees was 1200-3000 m^3 /hm^2 and irrigation 5-8 times every year,under micro-irrigation condition irrigation requirement of walnut trees was 150-600 m^3 /hm^2 and irrigation 10-30 times every year;（5）under different irrigation conditions irrigation water use efficiency of walnut tree changed from 0.05 kg/m^3 to 0.54 kg/m3,with scientific management walnut trees could get high yield under different irrigation conditions.