硝酸银对迷你桔瓜性别分化及坐果性的影响研究

Effects of Silver Nitrate Treatment on Sex Differentiation and Fruit Set of Mini-pumpkin

[目的]探索利用硝酸银喷叶处理幼苗的方式解决迷你桔瓜春季栽培时存在雌花数较多且先于雄花开放的阶段性雌雄不配套问题,为生产上促进迷你桔瓜提早上市并增加产量提供理论依据。[方法]在迷你桔瓜幼苗生长的不同时期进行不同浓度的硝酸银喷叶处理,对各处理桔瓜性别分化情况和坐果性进行统计分析。[结果]利用硝酸银喷叶处理桔瓜幼苗可以促进雄花提早分化,增加雄花数量,使雌雄比降低;促进及早坐瓜,使第1坐果节位降低,提高单株坐果数;处理的最佳浓度为200 mg/L,处理的最佳时期为4叶1心期。[结论]硝酸银喷叶处理幼苗可以解决迷你桔瓜春季栽培时存在雌花数较多且先于雄花开放的问题,能促进迷你桔瓜提早上市并增加产量。

The different concentrations of silver nitrate （ AgNO3 ） solutions were sprayed on the leaves of mini - pumpkin at dif-ferent seedling stages to solve the non - matching problem between its male and female, because the female flowers in spring cultiva-tion were more and earlier blooming than the male flowers. After spraying silver nitrate, we observed its regulation on the sex differ-entiation and fruit set of mini - pumpkin. The results indicated that the use of AgNO3 could promote and speed male flower differen- tiation, increase male flower number and the ratio of male flowers to female flowers. It also promoted the fruit set, reduced the posi-tion of the first fruiting node, and enhanced the number of fruit set per plant. The optimal application concentration of AgNO3 was 200 mg/L. The best spraying time was at 4 - leaf - 1 - heart stage. So, the use of silver nitrate could solve the non - matching prob- lem between the male and female of mini - pumpkin, promote its earlier marketing, and increase its yield.