情绪性工作记忆对选择性注意的影响

The Influence of the Emotional Word during Working Memory on Selective Attention

选取大学本科生33名,采用情绪启动范式与再认范式相结合,要求被试依次完成情绪词识记、目标面孔性别判断及情绪词再认任务,探讨保存于工作记忆中的情绪性刺激对面孔性别判断任务的影响。结果显示:(1)在中性和恐惧情绪启动刺激条件下,被试对目标面孔性别判断的反应时要显著长于悲伤条件。(2)在愉悦情绪启动词条件下,线索提示有效性差异显著;在无效线索提示条件下,启动刺激的不同情绪效价差异显著。(3)对情绪面孔性别与被试性别一致性/非一致性两种条件下反应时对比发现,男、女被试在情绪面孔性别判断任务中均表现出异性相吸效应。综上所述,保存在工作记忆中情绪刺激会对面孔性别的识别产生自上而下的影响。

The aim of this study is to reveal how the emotional word holds in working memory guide to the gender judgment of target face. Thirty-three undergraduates participated in this experiment, and an emotional prime combined with recognition paradigm was adopted. The results showed： （1） Under the neutral and fear prime condition, the RT to the gender judgment task was significantly shorter than the negative prime condition. （2） Under the positive prime condition, the differences among the validity of cueing were significant. In details, under the invalid cue condition, the RTs among different valences of emotional prime words were significant. （3） The interaction between the genders of participants and different emotional faces was significant while analyzing the consistency of gender between participants and target faces. Therefore, the emotional stimuli which kept in the working memory could guide the gender judgment of the target face through the top-down process.