中学生视功能相关生活质量量表研制及评价

Development and evaluation of a vision-ralated life quality scale for middle school students

目的初步编制中学生视功能相关生活质量量表,评价其信度和效度,为改善视力低下中学生生活质量提供科学依据。方法在文献资料分析法、专题小组讨论法和问卷调查法基础上初步编制中学生视功能相关生活质量量表的理论结构,运用项目分析、探索性因素分析、主成分分析和信效度检验方法对武汉市5所初中和5所高中的7 152名1～2年级初高中学生视功能相关生活质量进行分析,验证该问卷理论结构的合理性。结果通过项目分析、探索性因素分析和主成分分析,确定中学生视功能相关生活质量量表由生理功能、视功能与身体机能、社会活动能力和情感功能4个维度22个条目组成,累积方差贡献率为70.584%;4个维度和总量表的Cronbach'sα系数分别为0.86、0.94、0.89、0.82和0.94,分半信度分别为0.80、0.93、0.72、0.91和0.90,重测信度分别为0.79、0.82、0.64、0.86和0.87,量表具有较高的信度;相关分析结果表明,各维度得分与总量表得分的相关系数为0.65～0.98,各分量表得分之间的相关系数为-0.19～0.72(均P<0.01);不同视力状况中学生视功能相关生活质量量表4个维度和总量表得分均不同,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),量表具有较高的效度。结论初步完成中学生视功能相关生活质量量表的编制,且验证性分析证明该量表具较好的信度和效度。

Objective To develop a vision-related quality of life （QOL） scale for adolescent and to evaluate its reliability and validity, and to provide scientific bases for the improvement of quality of life in middle school students with low vision. Methods Document analysis method, panel discussion and questionaire survey were used to develop a vision-related quality of life scale for middle school students. A total of 7 152 students in grade one and grade two from five schools in Wuhan were included in the analyses. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, principal component analysis, and determination of reliability and validity were adopted in the analyses. Results With item analysis, exploratory factor analysis,and principal component analysis,22 entries were included in the scale representing four dimensions of physiological function, visual and physical function, social ability, and emotional function. The 22 entries could explain 70. 584% of the total variance. The total Cronbach＇s alpha coefficient and the split-half reliability of the scale were higher than 0.60. The test-retest reliability of the scale ranged from 0.64 to 0.86. Correlation analysis results showed that the correlation coefficient of each dimension and the total score were 0.89,0.80,0.65 and 0. 98. The correlation coefficients between the scale scores were 0.56,0.60,0.72, -0.16, -0.11 ,and -0.19（P 〈0.01 for all）. Meanwhile,analysis of variance showed that the scores of QOL for students with different vision level were significantly different（P〈0.01）. Conclusion The vision-related quality of life scale for middle school students was developed and the scale had good re- liability and validity.