脊髓灰质炎疫苗强化免疫策略分析

Analysis on the Strategy for Supplementary Polio Immunization of Oral Polio Vaccine

通过对“零剂次”免疫儿童数消长、疫苗相关病例发生及ＮＩＤｓ实施经费投入情况等因素的分析，对脊灰疫苗强化免疫日活动的利弊进行了初步评价。结果显示，ＮＩＤｓ在实施早期阶段取得了令人鼓舞的效果，对阻断野病毒在本土的传播发挥了积极的作用，但在后期“零剂次”免疫儿童下降幅度明显减缓，重复接种与漏脱接种现象均较严重，且增加了发生疫苗相关病例的机率，加之ＮＩＤｓ投入经费巨大，认为不宜继续不间断连年推行ＮＩＤｓ。

This article evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of the supplementary Immunization of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) by analyzing the quantitative difference of zero-dose OPV immunization children, occurrence rate of vaccine-interrelate case and invest during NIDs. The results showed that the effect was remarkable at the initial stage of NIDs. It played an active role in blocking the transmission of wild virus in the native land. However ,at the late stage ,the decrease of the zero-dose immunization children obviously slowed down. The repeated and missed vaccination was serious and the probability of the occurrence rate of vaccine related cases increased. Besides ,the cost of NIDs was huge. It is not advisable to continuously popularize NIDs in the successive years.