基于遥感技术的森林健康研究综述

Forest health studies based on remote sensing:a review

遥感技术可以有效完成复杂时空尺度海量信息的收集处理,其与森林健康研究的交叉、融合大大提高了复杂时空尺度上森林健康研究的表达能力。目前,森林健康遥感研究正处于各学科交叉、融合、调整,由静态向动态、单一向复杂、零散向系统转变的关键发展时期,但缺乏对森林健康问题的全面考量、逻辑安排和系统的顶层设计。在把握森林健康活力、组织结构和恢复力核心理念的基础上,从森林资源调查、森林生态功能评估、森林健康风险控制和森林植被参数提取四个方面构建和丰富基于遥感技术森林健康研究体系,对国内外森林健康遥感研究进行综述。通过对以上研究内容的总结分析,明确基于遥感技术的森林健康研究各领域的研究进展,及其在理论、技术和应用方面的不足。分析认为:(1)未来应加强森林生态和遥感技术重大基础理论研究,以明确森林结构、过程、功能与遥感数据之间的耦合关系;(2)发展完善新型遥感技术、遥感数据解译算法与软件工具,提高遥感数据的精确度、利用率和利用效率;(3)提升森林健康遥感研究成果的科技转化水平,推进快速分析评价与辅助决策功能研究,指导相关森林健康经营活动和科学研究的开展,以及林业政策的制定。

Forest ecosystem, which is the largest terrestrial ecosystem, consists of forest coenosis and environment with complex functions of energy transformation and storage. The traditional field-based investigation has always failed to solve the forest issues in complex spatial and temporal scale. Remote sensing technology, which can collect and process huge amount of diverse data in a large scale, is an efficient tool to understand forest ecosystem. Accordingly, the interdiscipline and combination with remote sensing technology has made great progress on the development of forest health issues over the past decades. At present, forest health studies based on remote sensing are in the process of combination with relevant subjects in a key transformation period from static to dynamic state, single to composite system, and fragmented to framework thought. However, these studies are lack in a synthetic and logic consideration, or a top design on forest health issues. Therefore, in this paper, based on the core theory of forest health involving vigor, organization and resilience, we give a summery of the forest health studies based on remote sensing both at home and abroad in order to make a better understanding on technical know-how of its achievements, progresses and disadvantages in theories, technologies and applications to four categories： forest resources inventory; ecological functions assessment; forest health risks control; vegetation parameter retrieval. In conclusions, the studies indicated that： （1） the basic studies should be strengthened on forest ecology and remote sensing theory and technology in order to know the relationships between forest structure, process, function and remote sensing data; （2） new remote sensing technology, the remote sensing data algorithm and software tools should be developed and perfected to increase the accuracy, utilization and efficiency of remote sensing data; （3） the transformation from forest health scientific studies to their achievements should be enhanced to speed up the analysis, assessment and auxiliary decision; to develop the effects of forest health and scientific studies, as well as to formulate the forest policies.