19世纪俄国现实主义文学的多样性

Multiformity of Russian Realistic Literature of the 19^(th) Century

批判现实主义是19世纪俄国文学发展的主流,然而,批判性并不是这一时期俄国文学所独有的特性,以"批判"二字概括19世纪俄国现实主义文学是不合理的。19世纪的俄国现实主义文学具有多流派、多类型的特点,心理现实主义、社会现实主义和浪漫现实主义是俄国批判现实主义的三个主要流派,认识这些流派,能够使我们更深刻地了解19世纪俄国现实主义的特点。从果戈理、陀思妥耶夫斯基和契诃夫三位极具影响力的作家的创作中,可以窥见19世纪俄国现实主义文学无比多样化的表现形式。

Critical realism was the mainstream of the Russian literature development in the 19th century. However, criticism was not a unique feature of the Russian literature in that period. It was not rational to use criticism to sum up the Russian realistic literature. The Russian literature of that century had the features of multi-schools and multi-types; psychological realism, social realism and romance realism were the three major schools of the Russian critical realism. Recognizing these schools can help us better understand the features of the Russian realistic literature of the 19th century. We can detect the manifestation of a unique multiforrnity of the literature from the literary works of Gogol, Dostoevsky and Chekhov who had the greatest influence in Russia.