杏棉间作系统田间配置对生态因子及棉花光合生理参数的影响

Effects of field configuration on ecological factors and photosynthetic parameters of cotton in apricot-cotton intercropping system

在杏棉间作条件下,研究了棉花不同田间配置对复合系统生态因子及棉花光合生理参数的影响。结果表明,各处理棉花冠层温度日均值变幅为24.49℃~35.19℃,并呈现出C〉B〉A的变化规律（A代表行数12行、株距12 cm、间距1.15 m的配置;B代表行数10行、株距10 cm、间距1.45 m的配置;C代表行数8行、株距8 cm、间距1.85 m的配置）,棉花冠层湿度则呈现出C〉A〉B的变化规律。在棉花见花期之前,20 cm处土壤温度一直以A处理最大,其次为B处理,见花期之后各处理间无差异。在棉花灌头水前,各处理20cm处的土壤含水量差异明显,呈B〉A〉C的规律,40 cm处则差异不明显;灌头水之后,各处理40cm处土壤含水量差异显著,并呈现B〉C〉A的规律。全生育期各处理Pn呈现C〉B〉A的变化规律,与棉花冠层温度呈正相关,但与SPAD值不呈线性关系。皮棉产量以B处理最高,比A、C处理分别高4.69%、19.96%。在整个生育期,尽管果树遮阴影响,但杏棉复合系统内的温度条件都能满足棉花生长发育的需要,因此,棉花冠层湿度和土壤含水量的高低是影响棉花产量高低的重要因素。

The experiment was conducted to find out the effects of field configuration on ecological factors and pho- tosynthetic parameters of cotton in the multiple system of apricot-cotton intercropping. The results showed that the daily average temperature of cotton canopy varied within 24.49~C ~ 35.19~C, and it could be ranked as： C 〉 B 〉 A （A stood for 12 rows, 12 cm plant spacing, 1.15 m spacing between apricot and cotton; B stood for 10 rows, 10 em plant spac- ing, 1.45 m spacing between apricot and cotton; and C stood for 8 rows, 8 cm plant spacing, 1.85 m spacing between apricot and cotton）. The humidity of cotton canopy could be ranked as： C 〉 A 〉 B. Before initial flowering stage, A was the highest in soil temperature at 20 cm depth and B was the next, while hereafter, there was no difference among the treatments. Before the first irrigation, there were significant differences of soil water content at 20 cm depth among the treatments, which could be ranked as ： B 〉 A 〉 C, but there was no remarkable difference at 40 cm depth; after the first irrigation, there were significant differences at 40 cm depth among the treatments, which could be ranked as： B 〉 C 〉 A. Pn in all growth period was ranked as C 〉 B 〉 A, which was positively correlated with the temperature of cotton canopy, but not with SPAD. The lint yield of B was the largest, being 4.69% and 19.96% higher compared with that of A and C respectively. In spite of the shade of fruit trees, the temperature could be satisfied to the growth of cotton in the apri- cot-cotton intercropping system, therefore, humidity and soil water content were the important factors affecting the cotton production.