天水鲜食葡萄水分适宜性研究

A study on water suitability of table grape in Tianshui

运用甘肃省天水农业气象试验站2004—2009年葡萄物候观测资料及1971—2009年的气象资料,利用Penman-Monteith(98版)公式及作物系数,对葡萄各生育阶段的需水量进行计算,建立估算水分利用程度的水分适宜度模型。结果表明:天水市葡萄生长期的水分条件比较优越,全生育期水分适宜度在0.70以上;近年来全生育期葡萄水分适宜度随时间呈下降状态;虽然全生育期水分适宜性较好,但在各生长阶段分布不均,末期生长阶段降水量大于需水量,但旺盛生长期水分供需矛盾比较突出,水分适宜度较低。在半山区建园应该优先发展灌溉等农业设施,以利于葡萄种植业的持续发展。

Based on the observation data of phenology of table grape at Tianshui Agro-meteorological Experiment Station from 2004 to 2009 and the meteorological data at Maiji National Base Meteorological Station from 1971 to 2009, the water requirement of table grape during various growing periods had been calculated with the FAO Penman-Monteith formula （1998 edition） and crop coefficients, and the model of water suitability degree of table grape had been set up. The results showed that the water supply in Tianshui was comparatively advantageous to table grape and the mean water suitability degree of whole growing season was above 0.70. The water suitability degree of whole growth season decreased with the times in recent years. Although the mean water suitability degree of whole growing season was relatively good, it was uneven among different growing periods. The precipitation was more than the amount of water requirement during the late growing period, but there was a remarkable water deficiency and the water suitability degree was relatively low during vigorous growing period. It was suggested that, in order to improve the industry of table grape sustainably, irrigation fa- cilities be developed preferentially in the mountain areas in Tianshui.