膜上移栽机关键部件的设计与试验研究

Design and testing of key components in above-film transplanter

针对新疆番茄、线辣椒铺膜加滴灌种植模式的要求,研制了一种膜上移栽机,该机一次作业可完成辅助喂苗、栽植器破膜成穴移栽和膜面覆土等工序。设计了移栽机构、间歇喂苗装置和覆土装置等关键部件,并使用该机对番茄钵苗进行生产试验。试验结果表明,膜上移栽机可以较好地适应新疆地区作物移栽需要膜上成穴和膜面覆土的农艺要求,无伤苗和刮破地膜现象;间歇喂苗装置的移栽频率在低于67株/（min.行）的情况下,喂苗准确率较高;移栽株距大于设计株距,影响移栽株距的主要原因是土地表层松土壤的厚度及机具内部各部件之间的摩擦力;移栽频率在55~62株/（min.行）之间时,移栽合格率达到92%以上。

Aimed at the development of film mulch and drip irrigation planting pattern for tomato and capsicum in Xinjiang, an above-film transplanter was manufactured to accomplish the accessorial feeding of seedlings, punching on film, transplanting, casing soil and other prcesses simultaneously. The key components, including transplanting parts, intermittent seedling feeding device and soil casing device, were designed, and a transplanting test of tomato seedlings was conducted with this machine. The test results showed that the tranplanter could satisfy well the agronomic require- ments of punching on film and casing soil in crop transplanting, without seedling injury and film scratch. When the trans- planting frequency of intermittent seedling feeding device was below 67 plants/（min＂ row）, the accuracy of seedling feed- ing was high. The transplanted plant spacing was greater than the designed plant spacing, which was mainly due to the thickness of loose surface soil and the friction within the various components of the machine. When the transplanting fre- quency was 55 ~ 62 plants/（min＇row）, the pass rate of transplanting was more than 92%.