脂肪酶对皮内油脂催化水解的特性及其脱脂效果

Evaluation of the Lipolytic Characteristics of Lipases and the Degreasing Efficiency of Lipase

以富含油脂的绵羊皮粉为底物,研究了脂肪酶对皮内油脂的催化水解特性及脂肪酶脱脂效果。结果表明,脂肪酶对皮粉内油脂的催化水解作用受到其产物脂肪酸的抑制;当脂肪酶水解皮内油脂生成的脂肪酸的浓度达到1500μmol/g油脂时,对脂肪酶产生明显的抑制作用;当脂肪酸浓度达到2500μmol/g油脂时,脂肪酶的作用几乎被完全抑制,皮内油脂的最大水解度为70%左右。酸性和中性条件下的单独脂肪酶处理并不能去除皮内的油脂类物质,脂肪酶处理后用适当的碱洗(碳酸钠溶液洗涤),可完全除去脂肪酶的水解产物,用脱脂率达到66%,再结合少量表面活性剂的乳化作用,脱脂率可提高至75%,脱脂效果优于传统的皂化法和乳化法。

The lipolytic characteristics of lipases and the degreasing efficiency of lipases were investigated based on using sheepskin powder rich in lipids as the substrate. The results showed that the catalytic hydrolysis reaction of the sheepskin lipids by lipase was of product inhibition. When the concentration of the fatty acids in lipids reached to 1500μ mol per gram lipids, the inhibition was significant, and the activity of lipase was almost completely inhibited when it was raised to 2500 μmol per gram lipids. The maximum degree of lipids hydrolysis by lipases was only 70%. The lipids can not be effectively removed from the substrate with lipases alone. But the lipases treating lipids can be more easily removed than the untreated by further washing with alkali or/and emulsifiers. The hydrolysis product was completely removed by only alkali washing （ sodium carbonate solution washing） and the degreasing rate could reach to 66%. Combining alkali and emulsifier washing with a low dosage, the degreasing rate can be up to 75%. Thus, the degreasing effect based on lipases is better than that of the traditional saponification and emulsification methods.