新时期以来农户的兼业化发展及其原因分析

The Development of Peasants’ Part-time Work and its Reason Analyses since theReform and Opening-up

农户兼业化是农业经营比较效益低、机会成本高的条件下农户的自主选择,前提是农户拥有择业的自由,非农业同样具备劳动力需求。在中国,由于人地关系比较紧张,农户是否放弃承包土地受家庭决策支配、农民外出就业不稳定以及城乡二元结构尚未打破等多因素的作用,农户兼业化会愈演愈烈并伴随城镇化的始终。总体上看,农户兼业化经营的正面效应大于负面效应,但其对农业现代化进程的影响是值得深思的。

The development of peasants’ part-time work is the free choice under the conditions of comparatively low agricultural operations and high opportunity cost, the premise is that the peasants have the freedom of choosing careers and non-agricultural equally possess the demand for labors. In China, because of the relatively tight relationship between people and land, if the peasants choosing to give up the contracted land is influenced by the factors of family’s decision-making, the instability of farmers’ employment of not at home as well as the unbroken urban-rural dual structure, the development of peasants’ part-time work becomes more and more popular accompanying with the end of urbanization. In sum, positive effects of peasants’part-time work outweigh negative effects, but its impact on the process of agricultural modernization is worth considering.