康德理性批判的模糊方法论意识及其逻辑澄清

Vague Methodological Sense in Kant's Critique of Reason and a Logical Clarification

针对纯粹理性的批判任务,康德同时提出存在确实性和逻辑完备性的要求。按照一般方法论观念,前者要求分析方法,后者要求综合方法。由于康德没有深入探究两种方法在认识论和逻辑上的差别,对它们之间的认识相容性缺乏逻辑批判,所以混合使用两种方法,最终造成批判起点的错认和综合方法的虚假运用,致使论证根据不合理,在先验逻辑的描述中包含逻辑偶然性和坏的形而上学因素。关于分析方法与综合方法的严格分析表明,二者具有不同的逻辑性质和认识有效性品格,不能简单并用,而只有综合方法才能满足理性批判的严格性和科学化要求,其起点应该是普遍的意识存在,它具有相对康德划分感性和理性并把它们事实化而作为起点这种做法的认识安全性和逻辑提升性,可以赋予理性批判以彻底论证的可能性。

As for the critique of pure reason,Kant proposed the idea of the certainty of existence and logical perfection.The former requires the analytic method while the latter the synthetic method.Because Kant did not explore the differences between the two in methodology and in logic,he interchangeably used the two methods and resulted in some poor argument in expounding transcendental logic.Only the latter can meet the strictly scientific needs for the critique of reason with the universal existence of consciousness as the starting-point and render the critique of reason the full possibility.