“奥波亚兹传人”:洛特曼与俄国形式主义

“Opoyaz's Successor”:Lotman and Russian Formalism

作为"奥波亚兹传人",俄国塔尔图符号学派代表人物洛特曼在俄国形式主义的基础上,以对话主义为核心要旨,汲取历史主义养分,从文本多因互动格局入手,挖掘出文本的开放性和生产性,丰富了文学性内涵,增强了陌生化阐释效力,拓展了文化视野下形式主义文论的发展空间。洛特曼首先从文学语言的结构功能切入,提出"第二模式系统"说,夯实了以语言为中心的形式主义文论地基;其次以意义的生成秩序为契机,贯通文本与外文本,打破了形式主义文论的内容与形式二元对立的传统格局;接着强调文本的交际功能,突出作者与读者之间的交往行为,修正了形式主义的作品中心论;最后落实到精细缜密的文本分析,引入"负技巧"零度结构,完善了形式主义陌生化理论。

Based on Russian Formalism,Lotman as Opoyaz's successor and representative of Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School focuses his study on dialogism and absorbs some good elements of historicism for exploring the openness and productivity of text,which has enriched literariness and effectiveness of defamiliarization and helped the development of literary criticism of Formalism in a broader vision.Firstly,Lotman starts with the structural functions of literary language and raises the theory of'secondary modeling system',which helps strengthen the foundation of literary criticism of Formalism.Secondly,he uses the generation order of meaning to integrate text with extra-text,thus breaking the traditional dualism of content and form in Formalism.Finally,Lotman stresses the communicative function of text and the interaction between the author and the reader,which is a development of the defamiliarization theory of Formalism.