昆明动物园笼养黑叶猴日活动时间分配

Diurnal Time Budget of Captive Franois' Langur at Kunming Zoo

2009年2月16日至4月20日,我们采用瞬时扫描取样法,对昆明动物园笼养黑叶猴日活动时间分配进行了研究.数据分析结果表明:1)休息在笼养黑叶猴春季活动时间分配中所占比例最高(59.7%),其次是拥坐(15.2%)、社会性梳理(12.7%)和取食(8.7%),移动、戏耍和其他行为活动时间分配较低分别为3.4%、0.1%和0.2%.笼养黑叶猴用于休息的时间比例高,而用于移动与取食的时间比例低,可能是由于笼养状态下食物条件有关:笼养黑叶猴不需要耗费时间搜寻食物;2)观测猴群用于社会行为(含拥坐、社会性梳理与玩耍)的时间分配高达28.0%.这与该猴群个体间的密切亲缘关系有关;3)除雄体用于休息的时间比例明显高于雌性(z=-4.304,p<0.01)外,雌性用于梳理(z=-5.910,p<0.01),移动的时间(z=-7.409,p<0.01),取食(z=-2.622,p<0.01),玩耍(z=-3.350,p<0.01)以及其它行为(z=-2.302,p<0.05)的时间均显著高于雄性;4).笼养黑叶猴的活动时间分配还受气候条件的影响:晴天用于休息的时间明显多于阴天(F=-22.205,p<0.01),而拥坐的时间在晴天相应地减少(F=-12.14,p<0.05).

From February 16th to April 20th ,2009, by means of instantaneous and scan sampling, we collected data on activity time budget of the captived Franqois＇ langur at Kunming Zoo. Results indicated that： 1）. resting occupied the highest proportion, about 59.7% ; and the corresponding data for cuddling, social grooming, feeding, moving, playing and other activity patterns were 15.2%, 12.7% , 8.7%, 3.4%, 0.1% and 0.2% respectively. Food supporting was most likely to be the underlaying cause for high proportion of time spent in resting and low proportion of time in moving and feeding of the captived langurs. 2）. The time proportion for social beaviors （cuddling, sociall grooming and playing） was as high as 28%. This probably was due to the closed relativeness between group members ： the adult male was the father of the other three adult females ; 3 ）. There were significant differences in time budget between male and female： the male spent more time resting than adult females did （z = -4. 304, p 〈0.01 ）, while the female spent more time cuddling （z = -5. 910, p 〈0.01 ）, moving （z = -7.409, p 〈 0.01 ）, playing （z = - 3. 350, p 〈 0.01 ）, and other activity patterns （z = - 2.302, p 〈 0.01 ） than the male did ; 4）. Langurs spent significantly more time resting （F = - 22. 205, p 〈 0. 01 ） and less time cuddling （z = - 3. 024, p 〈 0.01 ） in sunny days than they did in cloudy days, indicating that weather conditions was most likely to influence the time budgets of the langurs, even in captivity.