近距离煤层综放面瓦斯与煤自燃复合灾害防治技术研究

Prevention and control technique of complex disaster caused by gas and spontaneous combustion for fully-mechanized sublevel caving face in close-distance seams

为解决高瓦斯易自燃煤层生产过程中瓦斯与煤自燃复合灾害的重大隐患,在研究付村煤矿瓦斯异常区的瓦斯赋存规律与煤自燃发火特点的基础上,建立了"W"型通风方式条件下交错钻场高位钻孔抽放、旁路式倾向高位钻孔抽放、邻近采空区钻孔抽放等立体瓦斯抽放体系;提出了采用三相泡沫对采空区浮煤覆盖、不燃高倍数固化泡沫对漏风地点迅速封堵、易自燃区域目标注氮惰化、支架后面注塑性水玻璃凝胶堵漏降温等"注-堵"成套防灭火关键技术。针对抽放瓦斯过程易引发煤自燃的特点,提出了旁路式高位钻孔抽放瓦斯并结合瓦斯抽放钻孔大流量灌注三相泡沫防灭火材料的"抽-注"一体化方法同时治理采空区瓦斯与煤自燃技术。上述关键技术在付村矿3下煤层综放面瓦斯和煤自燃防治中得到成功应用,应用效果显著,在有效解决工作面瓦斯的同时很好地解决了采空区煤自燃危险性,具有广泛的推广应用前景。

In this paper,to solve the great hidden danger caused by complex disasters of gas and spontaneous combustion which may exist in the production process of high gas and easily spontaneous combustion coal seam,based on the study of gas occurrence regularity and coal spontaneous combustion characteristics in anomaly gas zones of Fucun Coal Mine,the stereo gas drainage system in condition of ＂W-type＂ ventilation mode was established,which containing the staggered high-level gas drainage,bypass tendency high-level gas drainage,and gas drainage near goaf areas,etc.Meanwhile,the ＂inject-plug＂ packaged key technology of fire prevention and extinguishing was put forward,in which three-phase foam was used to cover float coal in goaf,noncombustible high multiples curing bubble was used to plug the air leakage location rapidly,nitrogen was injected to make easily spontaneous combustion area inerting,and plastic sodium silicate was injected into the back of hydralic support to stop loopholes and lower temperature,etc.In addition,according to the phenomenon that coal combustion may easily be induced in the gas drainage process,the ＂drainage-inject＂ integration method was presented to control the gas and spontaneous combustion in the goaf simultaneously,in which bypass high-level drilling holes were used for gas drainage,and large flow three-phase foam was injected through the gas drainage holes,etc.The key techniques mentioned above were used successfully during the prevention and control of gas and spontaneous combustion in the fully-mechanized sublevel caving face of the lower No.3 coal seam in Fucun Coal Mine,and have achieved remarkable application effects,which effectively solved the gas problems in the coal face and greatly reduced the coal combustion risk in goaf,and can have widely application prospect.