先秦两汉时期疫病治则治法浅析

The Analysis of the Treatment of Epidemic Diseases of TCM during the Qin and Han Dynasties

先秦两汉时期,医家认为疫病主要具有发热、脏损、谵狂等证候特点,提出泻热、解表、存阴等原则,采用汗下、外治、火法等,总的思路为扶正祛邪。张仲景运用清热之法多兼利湿、养阴、凉血等,而后世则尤为强调清热解毒。秦汉时期实阴方法不多,后世对此有所发展,提出了养阴解表、养阴清热等法,吴有性、叶天士等坚持治疗疫病必重养阴的原则。下法主要用以攻逐病邪,有寒下、温下之分,可通腑、逐瘀、逐水等,兼有泻热之功。火法治疫有一定争议,但若使用得当可温阳、散寒、解郁,治疗多种热证。总之,这一时期奠定了疫病治则治法的基础,并对后世产生了重要影响。

In the Qin and Han Dynasties,the rules for the treatment of epidemic disease are relieving heat,nourishing Yin,and relieving the exterior,the common treatment methods are perspiration,precipitation,external treatment and fire method.The methods of removing dampness by diuresis,nourishing Yin and cooling blood are often used with the method of relieving heat,but the future doctors place more emphasis on detoxifying.During these periods,there was few way to nourish Yin,the successors of Zhongjing such as Wu Youxing and Ye Gui developed it.The purgation and heat methods are also getting more research,the former can be used to relieve heat,and the latter has the opposite function.In short,the disease-related therapeutic principles and methods of these periods have an important impact on future generations.