生活满意度与养老院需求意愿的影响研究——江苏农村老年人的调查

The Impact of Life Satisfaction on the Willingness of the Old to live in the Elderly Nursing Home: An Investigation of the Rural Elderly in Jiangsu

在城镇化快速推进和家庭养老支持力弱化的背景下,农村老年人对养老院入住意愿也在发生变化。以人口老龄化严重、农村社会养老保险实现全覆盖的东部沿海经济发达省份江苏为例,运用Logistic回归模型对农村老年人养老院的需求意愿进行实证分析。研究表明,农村老年人晚年生活满意度对养老院需求意愿存在负相关关系,即生活满意度低的老年人相比生活满意度高的老年人更倾向于选择入住养老院。另外,农村老年人对养老院的需求意愿还受年龄、个人年收入、健康状况、存活儿子数和存活女儿数的影响。本研究的政策启示是,整合村组或社区中的多种力量,为农村老年人构建一个包含生活照料、精神慰藉等多方面的社会支持网络;科学预测农村人口老龄化水平和养老院的需求意愿,稳步推进农村地区养老机构事业发展;从农村地区实际出发,合理引导农村养老机构的资源配置和功能定位。

With the rapid urbanization and the increasingly weakened family support to the elderly, the willingness of rural elderly to live in the elderly rest homes are experiencing c.hanges. Based on the data of Jiangsu, a relatively developed province in the east coast region of China where the aging of population is more serious but with a better social elderly support system and nearly full coverage of rural endowment insurance system, this paper use the Logistic： regression model to analyze empirically the willingness of rural elderly to live in the elderly nursing homes. The result shows that the life satisfaction of the rural elderly has a negative correlation to the willingness of living in nursing home, the lower the life satisfaction of rural elderly is, the stronger willingness of the elderly have to stay in nursing homes. The willingness of rural elderly to enter nursing homes is also affected by age, annual income, health status, number of surviving son and surviving daughter. The findings can provide some policy implications： firstly, an effective social support network need be built by integrating the resources of villages and communities to provide the elderly with the services of living cares and mental comforts; secondly, the development of the rural elderly support system need be built in terms of scientific prediction of the aging of the rural population and the demanding for nursing homes; lastly, the resources and functions of the rural elderly support system need be designed practically in terms the specifics of the villages and region.