2008—2011年平顶山市湛河区手足口病疫情分析

Epidemiological analysis on hand-foot-mouth disease in Zhanhe District of Pingdingshan City from 2008-2011

目的分析探讨平顶山市湛河区手足口病疫情的流行因素、流行病学规律及疫情变化趋势,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法对湛河区2008—2011年手足口病疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2008—2011年湛河区共报告手足口病例1 956例,年均发病率为192.21/10万,重症率为8.08%,无死亡病例。2008—2010年发病呈逐年递增态势,2011年发病率有所下降。病例分布广泛,农村及城中村发病率为243.88/10万,城区发病率为143.99/10万,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。3—5月份病例占病例总数的67.54%,5岁以下病例占病例总数的92.84%。男女比例为1.67∶1,散居儿童病例占病例总数的67.28%。实验室检测阳性标本中EV71占41.67%。结论 2010年是湛河区2008—2011年之间手足口病发病高峰年份。2008—2011年全区手足口病分布广泛,农村及城中村发病率明显高于城区发病率,3—5月份是发病高峰,病例以5岁以下散居儿童为主,男性高于女性。肠道病毒EV71感染性强,易引起重症。加强手足口病的监测报告和健康教育工作,采取以切断传播途径为主的综合性措施是预防控制的关键。

[ Objective] To analyze the epidemiological factors, epidemic law and change trend of hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） in Zhanhe District of Pingdingshan City, provide scientific basis for making the prevention and control strategies. [ Methods] The epidemic data of HFMD in Zhanhe District from 2008-2011 were analyzed with descriptive epidemiology. [ Results] A total of 1 956 HFMD cases were reported in Zhanhe District from 2008-2011, the average annual incidence rate was 192.21/lakh, the severe rate was 8.08%, and there was no death case. The incidence rate increased year by year during 2008-2010, but that decreased in 2011. The cases occurred in wide area. The incidence rate in rural area and city village was 243.88/lakh, and that in urban area was 143.99/1akh, while the difference was significant （ P 〈 0.01 ）. 67.54% of cases were reported during March to May, and 92. 84% of patients were children under 5 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.67： 1. The scattered children accounted for 67. 28% of total cases. The laboratory detection showed that 41.67% of positive samples were infected with EV71. [ Conclusion] The HFMD incidence rate in 2010 is the highest in Zhanhe District from 2008-2011. During 2008-2011, the HFMD cases occurred widely in Zhanhe District, and the incidence rate in rural area and city village is significantly higher than that in urban area. The peak season is March to May, most of cases are scattered children under 5 years old, and the incidence rate in meals is higher than that in females. EV71 has strong infectivity, which may cause severe cases. It is important to strengthen the surveillance and health education of HFMD, and carry out the comprehensive measures to cut off the route of transmission.