中国早期木构建筑中的“结构预设”及其对建筑形态的影响

The "Preset" of the Structure in Early Chinese Wooden Buildings and Its Influence on Architectural Forms

中国早期木构建筑有着非常明显的形态特征,如建筑屋面的举折、飞檐、柱的生起、侧脚等。对于形态的成因,在过去的半个多世纪里有很多学者都进行过研究,但结论至今未能统一。通过大量的实物观察、勘测及分析后认为,这些木构建筑的形态特征源自承重体系中部分结构构件的预先设置或调整,且与结构构件的受力变形有很大关系;借用语言学和逻辑学中的"预设",引入了"结构预设"的概念,剖析了中国早期木构建筑中此类形态生成的初始原由,解读了建筑形态与结构科学之间的对应关系。

The early Chinese wooden buildings possess very obvious morphological features such as the gradually heightening and side foot of building roof＇s slope line determination, cornices, and columns, etc. As for the causes of architectural forms, many scholars had researched in the past fifty years; however, the conclusion has not been unified till now. After a lot of real observation, survey and analysis, this paper holds that the morphological features of these wooden buildings originating from the preset or pre-adjustment of some structural components in bearing system have a lot to do with the forced deformation of the structural members, and by using the concepts of the ＂preset＂ in linguistics and logistics, introduces the concept of ＂structure preset＂, analyzes the initial reasons of the generation of such forms in early Chinese wooden buildings, and explains the relationship between architectural form and structural science.