新疆野苹果不同S基因型间杂交亲和性差异比较

Comparison between Different S-genotypes Cross-compatibility and Differences of Malus sieversii

以不同S基因型的新疆野苹果植株为试验材料,通过田间授粉试验调查了单花花粉量及不同组合S基因型杂交的坐果率,利用花柱荧光显微观察的方法研究了不同S基因型授粉组合的亲和程度。结果表明,相同S基因型授粉组合S1S6×S1S6坐果率最低(2.67%),花粉管萌发较晚(授粉后8h),且生长速度较慢,48h后有少量花粉管到达花柱基部,大部分花粉管在花柱1/2～2/3处停止生长,自交不亲和程度较强;部分相同S基因型授粉组合S6S33×S1S6坐果率较高(8.09%),花粉管萌发较晚(授粉后8～10h大量萌发),生长速度适中,48h后80%花粉管到达花柱基部,亲和程度较弱;不同S基因型授粉组合S21S21×S1S6坐果率高(21.27%),花粉管萌发早(授粉后4～8h大量萌发),96h后全部花粉管到达花柱基部,亲和程度较强。

In order to explore the differences of pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of Malus sieversii, this paper used different S-genotypes of Malus sieversii plants as testing materials, by the way of field experiment of pollination to investigate single flower pollen and the hybrid fruit setting rates of differ- ent S-genotype combinations,and used the way of style fluorescent microscopy to research the affinitive de gree of different S-genotype pollination combinations. The results shows that： the fruit-setting rate of the same S-genotype pollination combination S1S6 ）〈 $1S6 was the lowest（2. 670//00 ）,the pollen tube germinated late （8 hours after pollination） ,and grew slower,a few pollen tubes arrived style at base after 48 hours,the majority of pollen tubes arrived at 1/2--2/3 style and stopped to grow,so the degree of self-incompatibility was higher. The pollination combination $6S33 ;4 $1S6 of half-similarity S-genotype had the higher fruit setting rate（8.09o/oo） ,the pollen tube germinated late（a large amount germinated at 8--10 hours after polli nation） ,and the speed of growth was moderate,80~ of the pollen tubes arrived at style base for 48 hours after pollination, so the degree of affinity was lower. The fruit-setting rate of the different S-genotype polli- nation combination $21S21 X $1S6 was the highest （21.27~/00）,the pollen tubes geminated early（a large a mount germinated for 4--8 hours after pollination） ,all the pollen tubes arrived at style base for 96 hours after pollination, so the degree of affinity was higher.