社会心理因素对社区精神障碍患者家庭负担的影响

Influence of the psychosocial factors on the family burden of psychotic patients in community

目的探讨心理社会因素对社区精神障碍患者家庭负担的影响。方法选择2010-2011年在我社区精神科登记接受过治疗及康复的150例精神障碍患者家庭及其照料者作为研究对象,采用自制的精神卫生知识需求与态度调查量表、社会支持量表(SSRS)、家庭负担量表(FIS)和简易应对量表评价社区精神病患者家庭的经济负担、家庭日常生活负担、家庭娱乐负担、家庭关系及家属身心健康负担量表评分。利用SPSS17.0软件分析各心理社会因素与患者家庭负担的相关性。结果社区精神障碍患者家庭经济负担、家庭日常活动负担、家庭关系负担、家庭娱乐活动负担、家属身体健康和心理健康FIS评分分别为(2.37±0.50)分、(2.12±0.528)分、(2.09±0.54)分、(2.00±0.535)分、(2.05±0.705)分和(2.04±0.695)分,均为中度负担,其中经济负担最重,而娱乐负担最轻;社区精神障碍患者家庭负担与积极应对、对精神疾病基础知识以及康复知识的掌握程度与家庭负担呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与消极应对呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论对精神障碍的负面体验与看法等心理社会因素加重社区精神患者障碍家庭负担,积极乐观的面对可能有利于减轻家庭负担。

Objective To explore the influence of the psychosocial factors on the family burden of psychotic patients in community. Methods The family members and their caregivers of 150 psychotic patients in our hospital from 2010 to 2011 were selected as research subjects. The economic burden of the family, burden of daily life, en- tertainment, relationship and family mental health were evaluated by self-designed questionnaire, SSRS, FIS, and sim- ple coping scale. The SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the social psychological factors and burden of the family. Results The FIS scores of economic burden, the daily of daily life, relationship, entertainment, the physical health and psychological health burden were （2.37± 0.50）, （2.12 ±0.528）, （2.09 ±0.54）, （2± 0.535）, （2.05 ±0.705） and （2.04±0.595）, respectively. There was significantly negative correlation between the active coping, the master degree of psychiatric knowledge and the rehabilitation knowledge and the family burden （P〈0.05）. There was significantly positive correlation between the negative active coping and the family burden （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The psychoso- cial factors of the mental illness （negative experience and perception） could aggravate the family burden of psychiatric patients. The positive and optimistic attitude may be beneficial in reducing the burden of the family.