我国华南地区主要多年生栽培草种的区划研究

STUDIES ON THE DELIMITATION OF THE MAJOR CULTIVATED PERENNIAL FORAGE GRASSES AND LEGUMES IN SOUTH CHINA

按照全国草种区划的部署,华南区包括闽,粤、桂、琼四省(区)和云南省的南部地区。总结和分析五十年代以后华南各省(区)有关单位在牧草引种驯化和筛选中取得的成果和经验。对华南的自然环境,气候分区和土壤类型,主要草种的筛选依据及各草种的特性、适应性和生产性能进行了深入研究。结合主要草种小区补充重复试验结果和生产调查,所有结果都显示适应华南种植的是热带栽培牧草。只有北和西北部边缘中山地区(海拔600—800米以上)适宜种植温带栽培草种。经综合评价再按照作者提出的分区原则、指标和亚区分区方法,华南区的主要多年生栽培草种可以划分为四个亚区:①闽、粤、桂南部和海南全部(热带和南亚热带)丘陵平原大翼豆、银合欢、格米姆柱花草、卡松古鲁狗尾草、宽叶雀稗和象草亚区;②闽、粤、桂北部(中亚热带)低山丘陵绿叶山蚂蝗,银叶山蚂蝗、银合欢、宽叶雀稗和小花毛花雀稗亚区;③闽、粤、桂北部和西北部中山(中亚热带山地)白三叶、多年生黑麦草和鸭茅亚区;④滇南(热带和南亚热带)低山丘陵大翼豆、格拉姆柱花草、宽叶雀稗和象草亚区。对各亚区的自然概况和草坡特点作了简述。

This study was based on a team work of a part on the study of the delimitation cultivated forages in South China which was worked during last decade.Accor-ding to the results of field experiments of introductions and screens of culti-vated forages in different areas in this region,natural environmental condition particularly the climatic factors and the authors leves of evaluation,the au-thor suggests that those forages are divided into four groups and each of them adapted in a subregion.1.The first subregion is situated in the south of 25°N with low lands and hilly lands and of tropical and southern subtropical climates without winter.The cultivated forages are Macroptilium atropurpureum “DC” Urb.,Leucaena leu-cephala “Lam” de Wit,Stylosanthes guianensis CV Graham,Setaria anceps var.se-ricea CV kazungula,and Paspalum wettsteinii Hackel. 2.The second subregion is located on 25°N in the areas of hilly lands and low mountains with a middle subtropical climate of annual average temperature of 17—20℃.The cultivated forages include Desmodium infortus “Mill” Urb.D.un-cinatum “Jacq” DC,Leucaena leucephala “Lam” de it,Paspalum wittsteinii Hackel,and P.urvillei Stends.3.The third subregion is located the middle elevation above 600—800 mind in-cluding the northern parts of Fujian,Guangdong provinces and Guanxi Outono-mous Region,with a long winter of four mouths above elevation of 1100m.The cultivated forages include Trifolium repens L.Lolium perenne L.and Dactylis glo-merata L.4.The forth subregion is located in the southern part of yunnan province with a tropical and southern subtropical climate.The cultivated forages include Macroptilium atropurpureum “DC” Urb.,Stylosanthes guianesis CV.Graham,Pasp(?)-lum wettsteinii Hackel and Pennisetum purpuveum Schumach.