云贵高原人工草地混播组合的研究

THE STUDY OF SOWING A MIXTURE OF PASTURE SEEDS ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE ARTIFICIAL GRASSLAND OF YUN GUI PLATEAU

红三叶(Trifolium pratense)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、黑穗画眉(Eragrostis uigra)、紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)、草地早熟禾(Poapratensis)八种适宜当地生态条件的豆科及禾本科牧草组成三大类(刈牧兼用型复杂类、刈草型简单类、放牧型简单类)十二种不同的混播组合,在力求一致的试验条件下研究各混播组合植被类型的产量动态和植物群落内部各组分的变化规律,以了解各混播组合草地的生产能力和植物群落的稳定性(包括豆、禾比例在生产意义上的合理性及稳定性),并据此为当地筛选出建立人工草地的理想混播组合。结果表明,红三叶、白三叶、多年生黑麦草、鸭茅、紫羊茅、草地早熟禾在其参于的混播组合中,表现出较好的竞争性和互补性,可以当选为混播成员,而黑穗画眉、无芒雀麦在其参于的混播组合中逐渐被淘汰。联合分析结果表明,刈牧兼用型复杂组合总体上优于刈草型和放牧型简单组合,其中当选的组合有 V9(红三叶+白三叶+多年生黑麦草+紫羊茅)、V10(红三叶+白三叶+鸭茅+紫羊茅)、V12(红三叶+白三叶+多年生黑麦草);当选的刈草型组合有 V2(红三叶+鸭茅);当选的放牧型组合有 V6(白三叶+紫羊茅)、V5(白三叶+多年生黑麦草)。

There are 8 legumes and grasses (Trifolium pratense,Trifolium repens,Lolium perenne,Dactylis glomerata,Brornus inermis,Eragrostsis uigra,Festuca rubra,Poa pratensis) suitable for growing under local ecological conditions.These cultivars in 12 different sowing mixes were studied under 3 harvesting methods,namely cutting and grazing,cutting alone and grazing alone.This paper reports the pro-duction dynamics of these plant mixes and the changes within the plant com-munity to help to understand the productivity of mixtures of seeds sown into grasslands and to measure the stability and composition of both legumes and grasses in the artificial pasture communities.The sown mixture of Trifolium pratense,Trifolium repens,Lolium perenne,Dac-tylic glomerata,Festuca rubra,Poa practensis produce the most competitive pasture.Species such as Eragrostis uigra and Bromus inermis were eliminated gradually from the pasture.The cutting and grazing combination was the best of 3harvesting methods.The recommended seed mixes and cutting metods are:V9 (Trifolium praten-se+Trifolium repens+Lolium perenne+Festuca rubra),V10 (Trifolium pratense+Trifolium repens+Dactylis glomerata+ Poa pratensis),V12 (Trifolium pratense+Trifo-lium repens+Lolium perenne) and cutting combinations are:V2(Trifolium pratense+Dactylic glomerata),and grazing combinations are.V6 (Trifolium repens+Festuca rubra),V5 (Trifolium repens+Lolium perenne).