起重机臂架的电液控制系统设计

Designing Electro-hydraulic Control System of Crane Jib

国内现有起重机在臂架的平顺性控制上存在缺陷,根源在于液压系统的主控制阀与执行元件的作业工况之间的匹配不合理、不能随外负载的变化情况及时改变,这会导致起重机臂架作业过程中速度不平稳、可靠性和节能性不高,存在一定的安全隐患等问题。针对这些问题提出将传统的比例方向阀的功能一分为二,分为开关方向阀和电比例节流阀。通过液压系统参数的在线检测和实时计算,对电比例节流阀的开度进行实时控制,使得液压系统的参数能够及时跟随外负载的变化和作业工况的要求而变化。实现起重机与作业对象的动态最优控制,提高了起重机的臂架速度平顺性、节能性和可靠性,消除了安全隐患。

The existing crane in China has some flaw in controlling its jib. The root cause lies in the fact that the main control valve of the hydraulic system does not match the operation mode of the machine and that it can not ad- just promptly to the outside load. Thus the speed is not steady; the reliability and the energy conservation are not good during the work of the crane jib ; there are also some safety problems. To solve these problems, we divide the traditional proportional and directional valve into two types in terms of its function： the switch direction valve and the electricity proportion throttle valve. The electricity proportion throttle valve＇s opening is controlled in a real-time manner through the hydraulic system parameters＇ online examination and real-time computation. The hydraulic sys- tem parameters can change with the load change and the operation mode requirement so as to accomplish the dy- namic optimum control of the crane and the objectives, to enhance the speed, the energy conservation and the relia- bility of the crane jib and to solve the safety problem.