论布哈林在帝国主义理论发展史上的重要地位

On the Importance of Bukharin in the History of the Development of Theories of Imperialism

布哈林是苏俄马克思主义发展史上重要的理论家,也是经典的帝国主义理论家。他既为列宁的帝国主义理论提供了重要思想资源,也是从列宁到斯大林的政治与思想的历史性过渡的重要环节。他对资本主义的理解可概括为三个阶段:第一次世界大战时期提出的"帝国主义是全世界范围的资本积聚和集中过程的再生产"理论;"战时共产主义"时期提出的"有组织的资本主义"与"消极扩大再生产"理论;"新经济政策"时期提出的资本主义发展进入"相对稳定阶段"理论。最为重要的是第一阶段。布哈林的帝国主义论是一种封闭与半封闭的资本主义世界体系论;他的资本主义总危机理论则是一种简单的直线过渡假设。总体而言,布哈林是一位"不完全了解辩证法"的帝国主义理论家。

Bukharin, a classic imperialism theorist as well as an important theorist in the development of Soviet Russian Marxism, not only contributed important thoughts to Lenin＇s imperialism theory, but served as a historical link of transition from the politics and thought of Lenin＇s to Stalin＇s. His understand- ing of capitalism can be summarized into three stages： The period of the First World War in which he pro- posed ＂Imperialism is the reproduction of the capital accumulation and concentration process worldwide＂; The ＂War-time Communism＂ period in which he brought up theories of ＂organized capitalism＂ and ＂nega- tive expanded reproduction＂ ;The ＂New Economic Policy＂ period in which he judged capitalism had entered into a ＂relatively stable stage＂. Among the three stages, the first one is the most important. In essence, Bukharin＇s imperialism theory is a closed and semi-closed capitalist world system theory, and his theory of the general crisis of capitalism is only a simple straight-line-transition assumption. In a word, Bukharin is an imperialist theorist who ＂does not fully understand dialectics＂.