东亚国家城市化模式比较及其启示

Comparison and Enlightenment of the Urbanization Patterns of East Asian Countries

东亚地区是当今世界经济中最具活力的地区之一。随着经济社会的快速发展和转型,东亚地区城市化水平明显提高。东亚各国由于经济政治体制、经济发展阶段、资源禀赋与地理环境等条件不同,其城市化模式和特点也具有较大的差异。总体看,日本为高度集中型城市化,韩国为大城市主导型城市化,朝鲜属于政府控制型城市化,而蒙古则是一种畸形的过度城市化。各种模式均是在各自特定的环境条件下形成的。文章重点分析了东亚四国的城市化模式及其得失,并在此基础上提出了对中国推进城镇化的几点启示。

With the rapid economic and social development and transformation, the urbanization level of East Asia, one of the most dynamic regions in the world economies, has greatly improved. Yet due to difference in economic and political system, stage of economic development, natural resources and geo- graphic environment, the nations in this region vary dramatically in the patterns and features of their ur- banization. Generally speaking, Japan＇s urbanization is highly concentrated while South Korea＇s urbaniza- tion is led by big cities, and North Korea opts for a government-controlled pattern while Mongolia is expe- riencing an abnormal over-urbanization. All patterns have been formed as a result of the specific conditions of each nation. This paper gives an analysis of the urbanization patterns of the above-mentioned four East Asian countries and their success and failure. It provides some enlightenment for the promotion of China＇s urbanization.