摘要
由于环境可持续性的需要,在过去的几十年,无卤含磷阻燃剂的重要性越来越受到社会的关注。9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)及其衍生物作为一种无卤含磷阻燃剂,在聚合物中主要以气相阻燃的机理而表现出优异的阻燃性能。相比于卤系阻燃剂,DOPO及其衍生物在燃烧过程中所释放出的腐蚀性和毒性气体很少,因此许多反应型和添加型的DOPO衍生物得到学术界和工业界的青睐,品种越来越多。DOPO中的P-H键具有较强的反应活性,可以与含活泼双键的化合物(如苯醌、丙烯酸酯、醛类和环氧衍生物等)反应制备出反应型或添加型阻燃剂。反应型DOPO衍生物阻燃剂主要应用于热固性环氧树脂化合物(EP)的阻燃,包括基于DOPO的环氧单体和基于DOPO的胺基和酸酐固化剂,通常这类阻燃剂在环氧树脂中的磷含量达到1.5%以上就可以达到UL 94 V-0级。添加型DOPO衍生物阻燃剂主要是将DOPO中的P-H键转化为P-C,P-O或P-N键的DOPO衍生物,包括基于DOPO的三聚氰胺盐和锌盐以及将P-H键烷基化的DOPO衍生物等,通常这类阻燃剂在聚合物(如EP,PU,PA,PBT和PET等)中的磷含量达到1.0%以上就可以达到UL 94 V-0级。
During the last decades, the importance of phosphorus-containing halogen-free flame retardants is increasing due to the good environmental sustainability of theses substances. 9, 10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide （DOPO） and its derivatives as prominent members of this group of flame retardants show excellent flame-retardant efficien- cy in different polymers, where they act in particular in the gas phase. Since the development of DOPO in 1972, a large number of DOPO derivatives have been investigated and synthesized in academia and industry. This review will discuss the advancements of promising DOPO-based compounds regarding their synthesis and flame retardancy in thermosets as well as in thermoplastics.
出处
《中国材料进展》
CAS
CSCD
2013年第3期144-158,171,共16页
Materials China
关键词
DOPO
阻燃剂
合成
阻燃效率
9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-lO-phosphaphenanthrene-lO-oxide
flame retardant
synthesis
flame-retardant effi-ciency
