民事诉讼发回重审事由的审视与检讨——兼评2012年《民事诉讼法修正案》的相关规定

A Review of Legal Particular Matters of Remand in Civil Procedure: Additional Comments on Relevant Provisions in Civil Procedure Law Amendment

民事诉讼发回重审制度设置的目的,是为了给在一审程序中权益受损的当事人提供上诉审程序所不能提供或者不宜提供的救济。根据此目的以及我国二审法院有独立的事实认定权之现实来审视民事诉讼发回重审的法定事由,可发现《民事诉讼法》相关规定的不足。一审判决事实认定有瑕疵的,原则上应由二审法院直接查清事实自行改判,不需发回重审;一审判决违反法定程序的,只有该违法情形影响到一审民事诉讼结构完整性的,才提供发回重审之救济。

The purpose of the remand system in civil procedure is to provide relief for the parties whose interests have been damaged in the first instance and the damage cannot be remedied in the appellate process. According to this purpose and the reality that the court of second instance has independent power for findings of fact, defections can be found when we ex amine the legal particular matters of remand in civil procedure law and the ＂amendment＂ provisions. If, in the original judg ment, the facts are incorrectly found, the court of second instance should amend the judgment after investigating and clarif ying the facts instead of remanding for a retrial, only in the original judgment when a violation of the prescribed procedure affect the integrity of the civil litigation structure, the case should be remanded to the original court for retrial.