阿尔茨海默病的磁共振成像研究进展

The Progress of Researching on Alzheimer's Disease by MRI

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)是最为常见的获得性脑部变性性疾病,本世纪初,德国神经病理学家Alzheimer首先报道一例进行性痴呆以来,该病已经引起医学界的广泛关注。随着世界人口老龄化进程的加快,该病的患病人口数量正在逐年增加,成为导致老年痴呆的主要原因。但是由于该病的病因复杂,而且临床和实验室检查缺乏足够的特异性,使其病变早期的诊断准确率不高,此外,由于其发展过程缓慢,往往缺乏早期无创敏感的诊断方法。海马结构和功能的改变与阿尔茨海默病的发生发展密切相关,磁共振成像技术的和计算机图像处理技术的发展,提供了一种无创伤性的体外测量颅内结构的方法,而且测量结果准确可靠。随着MRI测量技术地不断改进,软件开发及临床研究地不断深入,通过其对与海马各种相关疾病的认识将不断提高,从而为临床疾病的诊断、鉴别诊断、分期、治疗和预后提供了更多有重要价值的信息。本文欲通过对近年来海马结构的磁共振研究进行综述,探讨阿尔茨海默病的磁共振成像进展。

Alzheimer＇s disease is the most common acquired degenerative brain disease,at the beginning of this century,German neuropathologist Alzheimer first reported a case of progressive dementia,the disease has attracted widespread attention in the medical profession.With the accelerated process of the world＇s population aging,Alzheimer＇s disease（Alzheimer ＇s disease AD） is increasing year by year and become the main cause of Alzheimer＇s.Not only due to the complexity of the etiology of Alzheimer ＇s disease but also lack of sufficient specificity in clinical and laboratory tests,the lesion early clinical diagnosis of true rate is not high.There is close relationship between the changes in hippocampal structure and function and Alzheimer＇s disease.However,there is lack of early invasive and sensitive diagnostic method due to its chronic development process.Development of magnetic resonance imaging and computer image provides a noninvasive method to measure intracranial anatomic structures in vitro,and the results are authentic and reliable.With the MRI measurement technology and continuous improvement,software development and clinical research unceasingly thorough,through its effects on hippocampal related disease awareness will continue to improve,to clinical disease diagnosis,differential diagnosis,staging,treatment and prognosis and provide more valuable information.The aim of this article is discussing the progress of research on Alzheimer＇s disease by concluding the progress of studying hippocampal formation by magnetic resonance imaging in recent years.