世界炼油行业发展状况与趋势

Global developments and trends in the oil refining industry

2012年,世界炼油能力继续缓慢增长,总能力达到45.78亿吨,同比增加4965万吨,新增能力主要来自以中国为主的亚太地区;炼厂原油加工量波动回升,开工率小幅回升;炼油毛利总体水平好于上年。未来全球炼油行业持续调整,区域发展差异明显。欧洲炼油业动荡加剧,最大独立炼油商破产,炼厂依旧面临生存压力。美国国内原油产量增加及价格优势使部分地区炼厂生产势头强劲,而加工成本高的地区炼厂处境依旧艰难。中东国家继续扩大炼油能力,加大与外资合作力度,竞争超低硫柴油市场。在全球炼油市场环境变化的新形势下,部分炼厂调整生产模式,注重油品之外的产品生产,同时拓展炼油资源,以适应市场变化。各国清洁燃料升级步伐加快,世界船用燃料油实施更加严格的标准,炼厂环保压力加大。在全球经济不景气的环境下,世界各地众多新建炼厂继续延期建成,但加工重油类炼厂项目增多。

The world's oil refining capacity continued to grow slowly in 2012,and total capacity amounted to 4,578,000,000 tons by year-end,up 49,650,000 tons;most of newly increased capacity was in the Asia Pacific region,mainly China;the processed crude output of refineries rose again with fluctuation,and the operating rate rose slightly;gross profit from oil refining was higher.The period of adjustment by the global oil refining industry will continue and there will be significant differences in regional development.Turmoil in the European oil refining industry intensified,with refineries facing sustained survival pressure,and the largest independent refiner bankrupted.Because of a price advantage due to the increase in crude production in the US,some regional refineries had strong production momentum,while the refineries in regions with high processing costs were still facing a terrible predicament.Middle Eastern countries continued to expand their oil refining capacities,strengthened their cooperation with foreign investors,and competed in the ultra-low-sulfur diesel market.In the new changing global oil refining market environment,some refineries have switched production,directing more attention to producing other than oil products,and expanded their ability to adapt to market change.Countries worldwide have quickened their upgrade of clean fuel,imposed stricter standards on bunker fuel oil,and put refineries under increasing environmental protection pressure.With the slack global economy,many new refineries continue to delay construction,but the number of projects for refineries processing heavy oil is increasing.