增材制造：实现宏微结构一体化制造

Additive Manufacturing:Integrated Fabrication of Macro/Microstructures

增材制造技术是基于分层制造原理发展而来的先进制造技术,是信息技术、新材料技术与制造技术多学科融合发展的产物,是当今世界各制造强国竞相发展的热点技术。基于增材制造材料逐点累积的成形过程,提出宏微结构一体化制造的学术观点。该方法在金属、陶瓷与复合材料的成形制造中有着其他制造方法难以替代的优势,可以实现制造短流程化,并推动大批量制造模式向个性化制造模式发展。列举近年在金属零件定向晶组织制造、光子晶体制造、生物组织器官支架制造方面的研究成果,论述宏微结构一体化增材制造技术的实现方法与工程应用,解决了传统制造技术难以解决的宏微结构一体化制造难题,给制造技术展示出全新的发展前景,为相关学科和产业发展提供有力的制造技术支撑。

Additive manufacturing（AM） is emerging as an advanced manufacturing technology based on the principles of laminated fabrication. It integrates multidisciplinary fields including information technology, novel material technology and manufacturing technology. It is currently recognized as one of the most competitive technologies in the world. Here the concept of integrated fabrication for macro/microstructures is presented based on the layer-by-layer accumulation process of AM, which exhibits unparalleled advantages over other manufacturing technologies for the fabrication of metallic, ceramic and composite material parts. It could extremely shorten the manufacturing cycle- and holds the potential to stimulate the transform of manufacturing modes from mass production to personalized manufacturing. Typical applications of AM in the integrated fabrication of illustrated and discussed in light of recent progress in metallic parts with oriented crystal mierostructures, photonic crystals and tissue-engineered scaffolds. In comparison with conventional manufacturing technologies, AM provides a unique solution to realize the integrated fabrication of maero/microstructures and demonstrates the future prospects of manufacturing technologies, which could provide powerful supports for the development and innovation of related disciplines and industrial fields.