基于大型底栖无脊椎动物群落的上海市河道水质生物学评价

Evaluation on River Water Quality Based on the River Substrate Macro-invertebrate in Shanghai,China

2011年夏秋季,在上海市全境83个河道断面开展了大型底栖无脊椎动物采样,共获取底栖动物20个分类单位(种)。9个极严重污染断面未采集到活体大型底栖生物,生境基本丧失。其余74个有活体生物断面,采用三种常用生物指数:Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Hilsenhoff耐污指数、Goodnight修正指数分别进行计算及评价。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数判别为25个严重污染和49个重污染断面;Hilsenhoff耐污指数划分38个重污染、5个中污染和31个轻污染断面;Goodnight修正指数划分33个重污染、2个中污染和39个轻污染断面。与典型河道断面的水质理化指标监测值进行对照,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数对河道水质评价的准确度较低,Hilsenhoff生物指数和Goodnight修正指数的水质评价效率及准确度均较高,断面污染等级与水质理化指标基本对应。

The macro-invertebrate assemblages of river substratc were investigated at 83 sites in Shanghai city in summer and autumn 2011. A total of 20 taxa of the macro-invertebrate were collected, including 10 of Mollusca, 6 of Arthropoda and 4 of Annelida. No any living macro-invertebrates were detected from samples collected at 9 sites which were heavily polluted and no suitable habitat available. The water quality at the rest 74 sites with living macro-invertebrate was evaluated by Shannon-Wiener index, Hilsenhoff Biotic Index （HBI） and Goodnight Biotic Index （GBI）. Based on Shannon-Wiener Index, the water quality was critically polluted at 25 sites and heavily polluted at 49 sites. The water quality was heavily polluted at 38 sites, moderately at 5 sites and slightly at 31 sites, by the value of Hilsenhoff Biotic Index （HBI）. Evaluating on water quality by Goodnight Biotic Index （GBI） , the river water was severely polluted at 33, moderately at 2 sites, and lightly at 39 sites. In contrast with the data of historical physicochemical water quality indicators in last 3 years, Shannon-Wiener Index had low efficiency and accuracy, while Hilsenhoff Biotic Index and Goodnight Biotic Index had much higher accuracy in spatial consistency between physicochemical assessment and biological evaluation.