水产用聚维酮碘对异育银鲫养殖的安全性评价

Safety Evaluation of Fishery Povidonum-iodum on Carassius auratus gibelio

评价水产用聚维酮碘对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养殖的安全性,为其在异育银鲫养殖中的安全应用提供了重要的科学依据,本研究参照国家标准及相关法规,在观察了聚维酮碘对小球藻(Chlorella sp.)生长抑制作用、对水产益生菌抑菌效果以及对大型蚤(Daphnia magna straus)、斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)和异育银鲫的急性毒性的基础上,分析其对异育银鲫及其养殖水体主要有害理化因子的影响。实验结果表明,聚维酮碘在终浓度为6.00～14.00 mg/L时对小球藻生长具有促进作用,对小球藻的半数抑制浓度大于14.00 mg/L,对水产益生菌的最小抑菌浓度为128～512 mg/L,对大型蚤、斑马鱼的半数致死浓度分别为13.44 mg/L、17.63 mg/L。此外,聚维酮碘对异育银鲫的半数致死浓度为74.77 mg/L,而且在养殖水体中加入聚维酮碘至终浓度为0.20～1.40 mg/L后14 d内,随着聚维酮碘浓度的增加,各浓度组异育银鲫养殖水体的氨氮含量、亚硝酸盐含量均缓慢下降。本研究证实聚维酮碘低毒,但考虑到其可能对异育银鲫养殖水体中大型蚤等浮游动物存在潜在影响,建议其在异育银鲫养殖中的安全应用浓度应不高于1.34 mg/L,在该安全应用浓度内不会引起养殖水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐等有害因子含量的增加。

In order to provide important scientific basis on the safe use of PVP-I in Carassius aurattts gibelio farming, we evaluate the safety of fishery povidonum-iodum（PVP-I） on C. auratus gibelio farming according to the national standards and related regulations. Based on observation on growth inhibition of the PVP-I on Chlorella sp. , aquatic probiotic bacteria, we analyzed the acute toxicity of PVP-I to Daphnia magna straus, Brachydanio rerio, and C. auratus gibelio, as well as the influence on main harmful physieochemical factors of the farming water. The results showed that the growth of Chlorella sp. was promoted with PVP-I at the final concentrations of 6. 00 - 14.00 mg/L, its minimum inhibitory concentration to aquatic probiotics were varied from 128 mg/L to 512 mg/L, its 50% inhibitory concentration to Chlorella sp. was estimated to be above 14.00 mg/L, and its 50% lethal dose to D. magna straus, B. rerio were 13.44 mg/L, 17.63 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the 50% lethal dose of PVP-I to C. auratus gibelio was 74.77 mg/L, and in the period of 14 days after the adding of the PVP-I into the farming water at 0. 20 - 1.40 mg/L, the contents of the ammonia and nitrite in C. auratus gibelio farming water were gradually reduced with the increased concentration of the PVP-I. The present study confirmed that the PVP-I had low toxicity, its safe concentration for C. auratus gibelio farming should be no more than 1.34 mg/L in view of its potential threat to zooplankton such as D. magna straus. PVP-I would not lead to the increase of the ammonia and nitrite in the C. auratus gibelio faming water under its safe concentration.