警惕北美牛蛙入侵海南的风险

Attention to Invasive Risk of American Bullfrog for Hainan Island

牛蛙(Lithobates catesbeianus)的入侵已成为本地两栖动物种群下降的主要因素之一,该物种在中国广泛分布,但在海南尚无分布记录。2011年2～4月,在海南省万泉河沙洲岛附近3个点捕捉到8只成体,其中1只个体已有卵。捕捉点的土壤基质为沙质或泥质,距水边距离0.5～1.5 m,整体坡度为6°～25°,植被盖度75%～90%,生境附近本地两栖动物种类较为丰富。调查结果显示,市场上有牛蛙销售,销量约120只/d;琼海市有饲养牛蛙的记录,且存在粗放式(放养于田间)养殖情况,不排除养殖逃逸的可能;捕捉点附近有佛教组织定期放生,也存在个人放生行为。综合以上结果,万泉河发现牛蛙可能是养殖逃逸或放生所致,是否形成可繁殖的种群尚需进一步调查和研究。

The invasion of bullfrog （Lithobates catesbeianus） has become one of the main factors leading to native amphibian population decline and extinction. Bullfrog has distributed widely in China, but no any record in Hainan. In the duration of February to April in 2011, eight adult bullfrogs （including 1 pregnancy） were captured in three locations around Shazhou Island at Wanquan River, Hainan. The habitat bullfrogs were captured had the following characteristics ： ① soil was mud or sand, ② distance from water about 0. 5 - 1.5 m,③ overall slope as 6° -25°, ④ vegetation coverage between 75% and 90% , and ⑤ native amphibian species were abundant around location. The bullfrog has been sold at local market and about 120 individuals were traded each day. Bullfrog found in Wanquan River may come from breeding escape or wildlife released by Buddhist. More survey is required to identify whether the breeding population has been built in the study area.