抗病毒适体药物的研究进展

Recent progress of the aptamer-based antiviral drugs

核酸适体具有靶分子范围广、亲和力高、特异性强等优点,被广泛应用于检测诊断和药物研发等领域。在抗病毒作用方面,适体独特的空间结构和膜穿透能力,不但可分别与病毒的胞膜、基因组、酶等病毒成分结合而抑制病毒感染,还可通过互相连接或与siRNA连接来共同实现抗病毒作用。本文主要以艾滋病病毒和丙型肝炎病毒为例,阐述适体在各个阶段阻止病毒入侵的作用机制及研究进展,为开发新型抗病毒药物提供思路。

Aptamers are capable of binding a wide range of biomolecular targets with high affinity and specificity. It has been widely developed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Because of unique three dimensional structures and cell-membrane penetration, aptamers inhibit virus infection not only through binding specific target, such as the viral envelope, genomic site, enzyme, or other viral components, but also can be connected to each other or with siRNA jointly achieve antiviral activity. Taking human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus as examples, this paper reviewed the effects and mechanisms of aptamers on disturbing viral infection and replication steps. It may provide an insight to the development of aptamer-based new antiviral drugs.