HIV-1逆转录酶和整合酶双靶点抑制剂研究进展

Research progress of dual inhibitors targeting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and integrase

在HIV-1(human immunodeficiency virus type 1)的复制周期中,逆转录酶(reverse transcriptase,RT)和整合酶(integrase,IN)均发挥着非常重要的作用,它们一直是抗HIV药物研究的热门靶点。逆转录酶抑制剂(RT inhibitors)是目前临床上治疗艾滋病(AIDS)患者和HIV感染者的一线药物,而整合酶抑制剂(IN inhibitors)新近也有药物上市,两方面的单独研究均取得了可喜的成果。近年来,多靶点药物研究策略渐渐引起科研工作者的浓厚兴趣,经过合理药物设计及随机筛选发现了多类具有HIV逆转录酶和整合酶双重抑制活性的化合物。本文主要就HIV逆转录酶和整合酶双靶点抑制剂的发现与结构修饰的最新研究进展进行介绍,以期对抗HIV药物研究有所启示。

Both reverse transcriptase （RT） and integrase （IN） play crucial roles in the life cycle of HIV-1, which are also key targets in the area of anti-HIV drug research. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors are involved in the most employed drugs used to treat AIDS patients and HIV-infected people, while one of the integrase inhibitors has already been approved by US FDA to appear on the market. Great achievement has been made in the research on both, separately. Recently, much more attention of medicinal chemistry researchers has been attracted to the strategies of multi-target drugs. Compounds with excellent potency against both HIV RT and IN, evidently defined as dual inhibitors targeting both enzymes, have been obtained through considerable significant exploration, which can be classified into two categories according to different strategies. Combinatorial chemistry approach together with high throughput screening methods and multi-target-based virtual screening strategy have been useful tools for identifying selective anti-HIV compounds for long times; Rational drug design based on pharrnacophore combination has also led to remarkable results. In this paper, latest progress of both categories in the discovery and structural modification will be covered, with a view to contribute to the career of anti-HIV research.