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利比亚苏尔特盆地白垩纪阿尔布阶Nubian砂岩中硅化微体化石新发现:揭开盆地历史秘密的一把钥匙

SILICIFIED MICROFOSSILS IN NUBIAN(ALBIAN) SANDSTONES OF SIRT BASIN, LIBYA: A KEY TO THE BASIN HISTORY
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摘要 我们在利比亚苏尔特盆地Gialo高地的二口油井中采集了200多个Nubian砂岩岩芯样品进行了微体古生物研究。在这些样品中我们首次发现了众多的硅化海洋微体化石,如有孔虫、介形类等。硅化化石表明,在Gialo地区,遭受中等至强烈二氧化硅胶结和重结晶的Nubian砂岩是潮下带和潮上带的过渡相产物。根据新发现的硅化微体化石及超微化石的年代测定,Nubian砂岩主体是早白垩纪Albian期的沉积,其中井Ⅰ底部可能有少量Aptian期的产物。硅化化石的发现修正了上世纪50年代以来一直沿用至今的Nubian砂岩是"前Neocomian(早白垩世)或古生代陆相沉积"的错误年代及岩相判测。硅化微体化石可分为四种类型:Ⅰ型硅化化石表面保留有钙质外壳,缝合线,螺旋线清晰可见,遇10%盐酸即起泡溶解,化石内部及某些原始特征被非晶质二氧化硅部分充填和交代;Ⅱ型则被非晶质二氧化硅完全交代,在光滑的表面上可以观察到保留清晰的缝合线和结合线;Ⅲ型化石表面为微晶石英交代,化石特征保存不佳,但缝合线尚清晰可辨;Ⅳ型则为粗晶石英所取代,表面上仍隐约可见某些化石的缝合线特征。这些硅化微体化石类型被认为是代表成岩作用的不同阶段。Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型(特别是Ⅳ型)与粗砂中强烈的二氧化硅交替有关。在原始阶段发育良好的颗粒间隙可能会允许大量的二氧化硅液体进入岩体,从而产生而后的大量二氧化硅沉淀,胶结和重结晶作用。由于Gialo地区的频繁的断层作用和火山活动,化石硅化可能与区域和局部构造活动和热液活动有关。硅化微体化石表明,在后白垩纪时期,Nubian砂岩的石英胶结作用和石英增生造成了明显的孔隙度和渗透率减少或消亡,对油藏质量和储油条件产生负面影响。总之,Gialo地区硅化微体化石的发现为研究苏尔特裂谷盆地,以及世界其他地区的裂谷盆地之生物地层,岩相,古环境重建,孔隙度和渗透率预测,盆地勘探和盆地建模开辟了一个新窗口。 Abstract Over 200 core samples from 2 wells in the Gialo High of the Sirt Basin, Libya, have been conducted for mieropaleontological study. A number of silicified marine microfossils are discovered for the first time in the Nubian Sandstones that have been long considered as terrestrial origin prior to Neocomian. Silicified fossils show that in Gialo area the Nubian Sandstones moderately-severely cemented and recrystallized with silica are characterized by subtidal-supertidal deposits witb low amplitudes of sea-level fluctuations. The main body of the Nubian Sandstones is dated as Alhian using silicified microfossils and nannofossils, although little Aptian deposits might exist in the lowermost part of Well I.
作者 章纪君
出处 《微体古生物学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2013年第1期29-41,共13页 Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica
关键词 硅化微体化石 白垩纪 阿尔布阶 苏尔特盆地 利比亚 Silicified microfossils Cretaceous Albian Sirt Basin Libya
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参考文献32

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