1990-2011年湖北省乙型病毒性肝炎疫情及其影响因素分析

Epidemiology of hepatitis B and related factors in Hubei,1990-2011

目的分析湖北省乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)的报告发病特征和影响因素,提出监测和防控建议。方法对法定传染病报告系统报告的乙肝病例、乙肝病例报告质量调查资料进行分析。结果湖北省乙肝报告发病率呈逐年上升趋势,无明显季节高峰,但不同人群发病趋势不同,15岁以下儿童发病率和构成比呈逐年下降趋势,15岁以上青壮年为高发人群,发病人群职业一直以农民为主,所占比例逐年上升;各级医务人员对乙肝诊断分类标准掌握均不够,乙肝病例存在误报、重复报告。结论实施儿童乙肝计划免疫后,儿童发病得到有效控制。乙肝报告发病率升高与误报、慢性病例重复报告有关,需进一步完善乙肝监测系统,加强各级临床医生乙肝知识培训,提高监测数据准确性,为乙肝防治工作提供依据。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B and related factors in Hubei province from 1990 to 2011 and provide evidence for the surveillance and prevention/control of hepatitis B. Methods The analysis was condcuted on the incidence data and reporting quality survey data of hepatitis B during this period in Hubei. Results The reported incidence of hepatitis B increased year by year, and the incidence had no obvious seasonality, but the incidence pattern varied with different populations, The incidence and case proportion in age group 〈15 years were in decline, but the incidence in young adults aged 〉 15 years was high. Farmers were the population mostly affected, the case proportion increased with year. Some doctors were not quite familiar with hepatitis B diagnosis and classification criteria, resulting misreporting and repeated reporting. Conclusion Children hepatitis B immunization program had effectively controlled the incidence of hepatitis B in children. High reported incidence of hepatitis B was mainly related with the misreporting and repeated reporting. It is necessary to improve the surveillance system of hepatitis B and strengthen the training on hepatitis B diagnosis and reporting in clinical doctors to increase the accuracy of hetgatitis B surveillance.