某三甲综合性医院职业暴露人群分布调查

Investigation on distribution of occupational exposure population in a three-level comprehensive hospital

目的了解某医院血源性传染病职业暴露人群的分布特征,为职业暴露防护提供科学依据。为其他医院提供实证借鉴。方法采用描述统计方法分析2009—2011年某医院发生血源性职业暴露的人群分布特征,数据通过SPSS 13.0软件进行处理。结果 170名职业暴露医务人员中,护理与医生类人员发生职业暴露的比例最高,分别占总人群的67.1%和30.6%;主要年龄段集中于20～29岁。乙型肝炎与梅毒为主要暴露源,构成比分别为36.69%和25.44%。因医疗垃圾造成的暴露的占4.73%。外科类科室发生职业暴露的危险较高,占总构成的34.7%。高发月份为8、9、10月份,共占总年度的37.6%;高发时间为午班及夜班时间段,占总人群的45.5%。结论①为减少职业暴露的发生风险,应在高危人群中加强安全防范教育与培训,提高防范意识。②培训中加强主要暴露源安全知识的再教育。③对高发科室及高危科室进行重点监测与管理。④在高发月份加强防范措施。⑤合理配备医务人员,减少疲劳操作的可能。

[Objective]To observe the distribution characteristics of occupational exposure population of blood-borne diseases,provide the scientific basis for occupational exposure protection,and offer the empirical reference to other hospitals.[Methods]The distribution characteristics of occupational exposure population of blood-borne diseases in a hospital from 2009-2011 was analyzed with descriptive statistics,and the data were investigated by SPSS 13.0 software.[Results]Among 170 medical workers with occupational exposure,the exposure rates of nurses and doctors were the highest,which respectively accounted for 67.1% and 30.6% of total population,and most of them were people aged 20-29 years old.The main sources of exposure were hepatitis B and syphilis,while the constituent ratio was 36.64% and 25.4% respectively.4.73% of exposure events were caused by medical waste.The risk of occupational exposure in surgical departments was high,accounting for 34.7%.The peak season was August,September and October,which accounted for 37.6%.45.5% were occurred in afternoon shift and night shift.[Conclusion]①In order to reduce the risk of occupational exposure,the protection education and training should be strengthened among high-risk group,to enhance the awareness of prevention.②The reeducation about safety knowledge of exposure sources needs to be improved.③The monitoring and management will be mainly conducted in high risk department.④The preventive measures should be strengthened in peak season.⑤The hospitals should rationally allocate the medical personnel,so as to reduce the fatigue operation.