非物质文化遗产保护的制度选择——对知识产权保护模式的反思

The Choice of Institutions on Intangible Culture Heritage Conservation:Reconsider the Conservation in terms of Intellectual Property Rights System

知识产权制度表面上与非物质文化遗产保护具有某种契合性。但实质上,知识产权以私权垄断为创新激励的制度设计理念,与非物质文化遗产保护目标存在深层次的矛盾和冲突。单纯采用知识产权保护模式对非物质文化遗产进行保护,还很有可能造成与非物质文化遗产保护目标(保护文化多样性)背道而驰的逆向选择现象。因此,非物质文化遗产保护不能依靠现有的知识产权保护模式,而应该在完善国家供给与国家补贴制度方面进行制度创新,并在国际范围内构建"使用他国非物质文化遗产的有偿制度"。

Intellectual property rights system seemingly has some correspondences with the need of intangible culture heritage conservation, but in essence, its institutional design that using private monopoly to stimulate creation has deep - seated conflicts with the goal of intangible culture heritage conservation. Besides, pure conservation in terms of intellectual property rights system will induce, in all probability, adverse selection which run counter of Intangible Culture Heritage conservation goal that keeps the cultural diversity. As a result, for the sake of Intangible Culture Heritage conservation, we should try to make some institutional innovation on perfectness of national subsidy and supply rather than choose conservation in terms of Intellectual Property Rights System. Moreover, the setting up Other Nation＇s Intangible Culture Heritage Remunerative Using Mechanism is also necessary.